Esophagectomy remains a critical surgical procedure for the management of esophageal cancer, benign strictures, and various other esophageal pathologies. Following esophagectomy, the reconstruction of the esophagus is essential for restoring gastrointestinal continuity and preserving functional outcomes. While the gastric conduit is by far the preferred and most commonly used esophageal replacement, several other options exist, including colonic interposition, jejunal interposition, and myocutaneous free flaps. This paper provides an in-depth review of each technique, including background, technical details, advantages, and pitfalls. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each reconstruction method is critical for improving postoperative outcomes and patient quality of life.
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