Abstract
Background:
The Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) device designed to excise a strip of trabecular meshwork, enhancing aqueous outflow via Schlemm’s canal. While its efficacy is well-documented, there is limited evidence comparing outcomes between anatomical quadrants treated.
Objectives:
To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, medication burden, visual acuity improvement, and complication rates between nasal and inferior quadrant sectoral excisional goniotomy with KDB combined with cataract surgery.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
Medical records of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent combined phacoemulsification and KDB goniotomy between January 2020 and June 2025 at a single tertiary academic center were reviewed. Patients were grouped by treatment location (nasal vs inferior). Primary outcomes were IOP and the number of glaucoma medications; secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and adverse events. Multivariate linear regression was used to adjust for baseline differences between groups.
Results:
Sixty-four eyes (nasal: 50; inferior: 14) met the inclusion criteria. Baseline IOP and BCVA were similar between groups, though the inferior group had fewer medications (1.93 vs 2.68; p = 0.045) and milder visual field loss (MD −8.39 vs −15.18; p = 0.04). Mean treatment extent was approximately 90° in both groups. Both groups achieved significant IOP reduction at all follow-up points, with no long-term differences. At postoperative week 1, the inferior group had higher IOP (18.50 vs 13.99 mmHg; p = 0.0433), potentially due to gravity-dependent hyphema. Medication burden decreased in both groups, with a non-significant trend toward fewer drops in the inferior group. BCVA improved similarly, and complication rates were low and comparable, with no serious adverse events.
Conclusion:
Nasal and inferior quadrant KDB goniotomy combined with cataract surgery yields comparable long-term outcomes in IOP, medication burden, visual acuity, and safety. Quadrant selection may be guided by intraoperative visualization and patient-specific anatomy without compromising efficacy.
Plain language summary
Surgeons can perform KDB surgery in different parts of the eye’s drainage angle. The nasal (toward the nose) side is commonly chosen for easier access, but the inferior (lower) side may be useful when the nasal angle is blocked or less visible. Until now, there has been little evidence comparing these two approaches.
We reviewed the medical records of 64 patients with glaucoma treated at the University of North Carolina between 2020 and 2025. All of these patients had cataract surgery combined with KDB goniotomy. Fifty procedures were performed in the nasal quadrant and 14 in the inferior quadrant. We compared eye pressure, number of glaucoma medications, vision, and side effects for at least six months after surgery.
Both groups showed meaningful and sustained eye pressure reduction and needed fewer medications after surgery. Vision improved in both groups, and complications were rare and mild. The only short-term difference was that patients in the inferior group had slightly higher eye pressure one week after surgery, possibly due to blood settling in the lower part of the eye. However, this difference was no longer observed after one week.
These findings suggest that both nasal and inferior KDB procedures are safe and effective. Surgeons can choose either location based on patient anatomy and surgical visibility without compromising long-term results.
Keywords
Introduction
Glaucoma remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the cornerstone of glaucoma management. 1 Surgical treatment options for glaucoma have traditionally included procedures such as trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implants, which, although effective, carry significant risks including hypotony, infection, and a prolonged recovery period. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) have gained popularity due to their favorable safety profiles and faster patient recovery times compared to traditional procedures. 2
The Kahook Dual Blade (KDB; New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA) is an ab-interno, angle-based MIGS device designed to perform excisional goniotomy, which involves the removal of a strip of trabecular meshwork (TM) to facilitate aqueous humor drainage directly into Schlemm’s canal (SC). 3 Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of KDB goniotomy in reducing IOP and decreasing dependence on glaucoma medications. For instance, a large multicenter study reported a significant 26.2% reduction in IOP and a 50.0% reduction in glaucoma medications at 12 months following KDB combined with cataract surgery. 4 Similar results were observed in Latino patients, with an IOP reduction from 19.23 mmHg to 14.33 mmHg and medication usage decreasing from 2.3 to 0.6 medications per patient over the same period. 5 Further studies have established the long-term efficacy of KDB goniotomy, demonstrating sustained IOP reductions and medication reductions up to 6 years postoperatively.6–8 These studies collectively underline the robust clinical utility and durable outcomes achievable with the KDB.
Despite these promising results, a critical gap remains in the understanding of the optimal anatomical placement of the KDB procedure within the angle. Currently, clinical outcomes have generally been reported without differentiating which quadrant of the anterior chamber angle was targeted during surgery. Anatomical studies suggest variations in collector channel density and aqueous humor outflow between different angle quadrants, potentially influencing surgical outcomes.9–11 Moreover, quadrant-specific studies using other MIGS devices such as the OMNI surgical system have explored potential differences in efficacy based on the anatomical area treated. 12 Thus, there exists a clear need to determine whether targeting specific angle quadrants with KDB might result in superior IOP reduction or medication reduction outcomes.
To address this knowledge gap, this study directly compares clinical outcomes of KDB excisional goniotomy performed in the nasal versus inferior quadrants when combined with cataract surgery. This is the first study explicitly designed to assess the differential impact of anatomical treatment location on KDB surgical outcomes. Results from this study may provide important clinical guidance on optimal KDB placement, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and procedural efficiency.
Methods
This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who underwent combined phacoemulsification and sectoral KDB goniotomy at the University of North Carolina between January 1, 2020, and June 1, 2025. The study received approval from the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines (Supplemental Material). 13
Patients were included if they underwent KDB goniotomy targeting either the nasal or inferior angle, performed in conjunction with cataract surgery, and had at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up data. Indications for combined cataract surgery and KDB goniotomy were based on standard clinical judgment and included visually significant cataract, inadequate IOP control, desire to reduce glaucoma medication burden, or a combination of these factors. Exclusion criteria included prior incisional glaucoma surgery in the study eye, incomplete documentation of key preoperative or postoperative parameters, or concurrent ocular pathology that could confound IOP measurement or visual acuity outcomes. All included patients had open-angle glaucoma; eyes with angle-closure disease were not included in the study. Eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) outside of the quadrant being treated were also excluded to avoid confounding surgical outcomes, as the extent and location of PAS could independently influence the success of angle-based procedures.
Surgical technique
All procedures were performed under monitored anesthesia care with topical anesthesia, in accordance with standard institutional practice. Cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation was performed first. Following lens implantation, intraoperative angle visualization was achieved using a direct gonioscopy lens under gonioscopic guidance.
For nasal goniotomy, the patient’s head was rotated away from the surgeon and the operating microscope was tilted toward the surgeon to optimize visualization of the nasal angle. For inferior goniotomy, additional adjustment of head and microscope positioning was performed as needed, and the lower eyelid was gently retracted to facilitate adequate gonioprism placement and visualization of the inferior TM.
Once the target angle was visualized, KDB goniotomy was performed in the selected quadrant, with excision of TM over the intended arc under direct gonioscopic visualization. The extent of angle treated was estimated intraoperatively in clock hours and documented in the operative report. No additional intraoperative adjunctive procedures were routinely employed.
Clinical data extracted included demographics (age, sex, and race), laterality, baseline IOP, number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity (converted to LogMAR), glaucoma severity, quadrant of angle treated (nasal vs inferior), degrees of the angle treated, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, history of prior laser trabeculoplasty, and any recorded intraoperative or postoperative complications. The extent of goniotomy was determined intraoperatively based on visualization and accessibility of the targeted angle. Surgeons generally aimed to treat a single anatomical quadrant (approximately 90° or 3’o clock hours) corresponding to either the nasal or inferior angle. Goniotomy was performed in either the nasal or inferior quadrant using the KDB. Nasal goniotomy typically involved treatment of the 2–4 o’clock or 8–10 o’clock positions depending on laterality, while inferior goniotomy generally involved treatment of the 4–6 o’clock or 6–8 o’clock positions. The degree of angle treated was approximated in clock hours rather than measured directly, consistent with routine clinical practice. In this retrospective study, the extent of excision was documented in the operative report but was not recorded using a formally standardized measurement protocol. Postoperative data were collected at multiple intervals (e.g. postoperative day 1, postoperative week 1, postoperative month (POM) 1, 2–4, and 4–8) consistent with standard clinical care patterns. IOP and medication count were the primary outcome measures. Visual acuity and postoperative complications were evaluated as secondary outcomes.
Severity of glaucoma was graded using the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson classification based on available visual field data. 14 Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) by a professional biostatistician. Descriptive statistics were calculated for baseline characteristics. Student’s t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to adjust for any baseline disparities between treatment groups, including differences in age, glaucoma severity, and preoperative IOP or medication burden. Given the unequal group sizes, nonparametric statistical tests were used where appropriate to reduce sensitivity to assumptions of normality. Analyses were intended to be exploratory, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
Results
A total of 64 eyes from 64 patients were included in the final analysis, with 50 eyes receiving nasal KDB treatment and 14 eyes receiving inferior KDB treatment. Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 1. The mean age was 72.2 years (SD 8.7) in the nasal group and 70.4 years (SD 8.6) in the inferior group (p = 0.48). The distribution of sex, race, and ethnicity was similar between groups. Notably, the inferior group had a significantly lower baseline medication burden (1.93 vs 2.68, p = 0.045) and less advanced visual field loss, as reflected by a significantly less negative MD on Humphrey visual field testing (−8.39 vs −15.18, p = 0.04). RNFL thickness, baseline IOP, and LogMAR visual acuity were not significantly different between groups. One patient in the nasal group was notable for preoperative mild nasal PAS, which was treated intraoperatively with goniosynechiolysis prior to goniotomy. Baseline prior selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) exposure was also similar, with mean prior SLT count of 0.14 ± 0.36 (median 0) in the inferior group and 0.38 ± 0.57 (median 0) in the nasal group. In this cohort, the mean extent of treatment was also similar with a mean of 90.0° (SD 0.0°, median 90°) for the inferior group and 86.4° (SD 15.6°, median 90°) for the nasal group. Prior to analyzing outcomes, a multivariate linear regression model was used to adjust for two baseline disparities in preoperative glaucoma medication burden and visual field MD. This adjustment ensured that comparisons of all outcome measures reflected treatment location effects rather than baseline imbalances.
Patient demographics.
IOP, intraocular pressure; MD, mean deviation; mmHg, millimeters of mercury; Pre-op, preoperative; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; SD, standard deviation; SLT, selective laser trabeculoplasty.
Boldfaced values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Mean IOP decreased in both treatment groups over the postoperative course (Table 2, Figure 1). In the nasal KDB group, IOP declined from 15.71 mmHg preoperatively to 12.32 mmHg at POM 4–8. In the inferior group, IOP declined from 16.59 mmHg preoperatively to 13.36 mmHg at the same interval. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed only at postoperative week 1, where IOP was higher in the inferior group (18.5 mmHg vs 13.99 mmHg, p = 0.0433). At all other time points, IOP reductions were comparable and not statistically different.
Intraocular pressure at follow-up times in mmHg.
POD, postoperative day; POM, postoperative month; POW, postoperative week; Pre-op, preoperative; SE, standard error.
Boldfaced values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) over time in nasal versus inferior groups.
Glaucoma medication burden changed over time in both groups (Table 3, Figure 2). The nasal group showed an initial drop in medication count at postoperative day 1 (0.012 ± 0.183), increasing gradually to 2.396 ± 0.198 by POM 4–8. The inferior group also had a decrease to 0.404 ± 0.391 on day 1 and stabilized at 1.554 ± 0.551 by POM 4–8. Although there was a trend toward fewer medications in the inferior group throughout follow-up, none of the differences reached statistical significance. At POMs 4–8, 71.1% of nasal group patients and 75.0% of inferior group patients achieved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 or better.
Number of medications at follow-up times.
POD, postoperative day; POM, postoperative month; POW, postoperative week; Pre-op, Preoperative; SE, standard error.
Mean number of glaucoma medications at preoperative and postoperative month 6.
BCVA, reported in LogMAR, improved in both groups over time (Table 4). In the nasal group, BCVA improved from 0.47 preoperatively to 0.286 by POM 4–8. The inferior group demonstrated similar improvement from 0.49 to 0.491. A trend toward better BCVA in the nasal group was observed at POM 2–4 (0.155 vs 0.547, p = 0.052), but this did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were observed between groups at any other time points.
BCVA LogMAR at follow-up times.
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; POD, postoperative day; POM, postoperative month; POW, postoperative week; Pre-op, preoperative; SE, standard error.
Adverse events were infrequent and generally mild (Table 5). Cystoid macular edema and persistent hyphema >1 mm (>4 weeks) occurred in two patients each (3.1%). Other adverse events included corneal microcystic edema, vitreous prolapse, floppy iris syndrome with iris atrophy, and prolonged anterior chamber inflammation, each occurring in one patient (1.5%). No significant differences in complication rates were observed between nasal and inferior treatment groups.
Number and frequency of adverse events.
Discussion
This study compared the outcomes of nasal versus inferior quadrant excisional goniotomy using the KDB combined with cataract surgery, revealing no significant long-term differences in IOP, glaucoma medication burden, visual acuity, or complication rates between the two groups. These findings align with existing literature supporting the efficacy of the KDB in effectively reducing IOP and medication burden in various glaucoma populations.4–8 The absence of significant differences in most outcome measures suggests that both nasal and inferior angle approaches are equally viable surgical options, providing surgeons flexibility based on clinical scenario and intraoperative access.
Intraoperative visualization may play a pivotal role in quadrant selection. While the nasal angle is often favored for ergonomic reasons and ease of access in right-handed surgeons, the inferior quadrant may be advantageous in cases with nasal synechiae, prior laser trabeculoplasty scarring, or poor nasal visibility. Although this study did not standardize surgeon quadrant selection criteria, these intraoperative considerations likely influenced quadrant choice and reflect real-world surgical decision-making. In addition to intraoperative visualization, differences in surgeon experience and patient panels may have influenced baseline glaucoma severity between groups. Notably, 13 of the 14 inferior quadrant cases were performed by a single surgeon who recently joined the practice. This surgeon’s patient cohort tends to present earlier in the disease course, resulting in milder glaucoma at baseline compared to patients treated by the two more senior surgeons, who performed the majority of nasal quadrant cases. This difference in surgeon case distribution likely contributed to the observed disparity in baseline visual field mean deviation and glaucoma medication burden between groups. Additionally, individual provider practice patterns for postoperative glaucoma medication management may have influenced early follow-up medication counts. For example, some surgeons maintain at least one glaucoma medication during the immediate postoperative period of a MIGS procedure, regardless of initial IOP, to mitigate the potential IOP rise from steroid use, whereas others reduce or stop drops on postoperative day 1 and adjust therapy at later visits.
Interestingly, at postoperative week 1, a transiently higher IOP was observed in the inferior quadrant treatment group. One possible explanation for this observation relates to the influence of hyphema, which is a common postoperative finding following goniotomy procedures. Studies suggest that hyphema, particularly layered or persistent hyphema, can transiently increase IOP due to mechanical blockage or impaired TM function from blood deposition.15–17 Gravity-dependent settling of blood in the inferior angle may disproportionately affect the inferior quadrant, resulting in transiently elevated pressures. Iftikhar et al. noted that hyphema severity directly impacts IOP elevation and rebleeding rates, indicating a mechanical obstructive component. 16 In this study, persistent hyphema rates were similar between groups; however, their gravitational settling and resultant trabecular dysfunction might specifically explain the transient IOP elevation observed uniquely in the inferior quadrant treatment group. Despite the transient IOP elevation, both groups demonstrated a stable long-term pressure-lowering trajectory.
An additional factor that could influence long-term surgical efficacy is the potential postoperative formation of PAS at the treatment site. Postoperative hyphema, particularly in the inferior quadrant due to gravitational settling, could theoretically increase the risk of PAS formation through blood-induced TM scarring.18–20 In this cohort, only a single case of preoperative nasal PAS was identified in the nasal group, which was addressed intraoperatively with goniosynechiolysis prior to performing the goniotomy. No postoperative cases of PAS formation were observed; however patients did not routinely undergo gonioscopy postoperatively.
Furthermore, although there was a modest rebound in medication usage from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POM 4–8, mean IOP remained stable, suggesting that surgical efficacy was preserved even with medication titration adjustments. This rebound should be interpreted in the context of differing provider preferences for postoperative medication management after MIGS and individualized patient IOP targets. Some surgeons may opt to maintain one or more glaucoma drops during the steroid treatment period to prevent steroid-induced IOP spikes, while others reduce or stop drops earlier if pressures are well-controlled, resuming therapy only if IOP goals are not met.
Additionally, although baseline exposure to SLT was similar between groups, prior SLT could theoretically influence postoperative IOP response by altering trabecular outflow dynamics. Given the retrospective design of this study, this study was unable to assess the potential modifying effect of prior SLT on surgical outcomes, and this remains an important consideration for future prospective investigations.
Recent work by Noh et al. investigated similar quadrant-specific outcomes using the OMNI surgical system, comparing canaloplasty and trabeculotomy in the superior versus inferior angles. 12 Their findings demonstrated no statistically significant differences in IOP reduction or medication burden between quadrants, although a trend favoring superior quadrant treatment was observed. This study’s results parallel this concept of clinical equivalence, extending the investigation to excisional goniotomy with KDB. While OMNI procedures involve viscodilation of SC and may affect distal outflow differently than excisional goniotomy, both studies suggest that targeting either nasal or inferior quadrants may yield similar pressure-lowering benefits.
Unlike this study, which evaluated excisional goniotomy using the KDB, the OMNI study employed a combined approach involving both ab interno trabeculotomy and canaloplasty (viscodilation of SC), designed to address both proximal and distal outflow resistance. 21 Additionally, while this study’s intervention treated a sectoral portion of the angle (approximately 90°–120°), the OMNI study examined 180° of treatment applied exclusively to either the superior or inferior quadrants, thereby expanding the area of outflow engagement. 12 These differences in mechanism and extent of treatment may affect both the magnitude and uniformity of IOP reduction. Nevertheless, both studies reported similar clinical outcomes across quadrants, supporting the broader principle that anatomical quadrant selection may be clinically neutral when sufficient outflow structures are targeted. This convergence reinforces the surgical flexibility available within angle-based MIGS, allowing intraoperative decision-making to be guided by visualization and accessibility rather than fixed anatomical preferences.
Furthermore, anatomical imaging studies reinforce the clinical relevance of quadrant selection in angle-based MIGS by demonstrating regional variability in aqueous outflow structures. Yan et al. used high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy to assess SC and TM in eyes with POAG and found that the nasal and inferior quadrants exhibited the greatest SC visibility and largest SC coronal diameters, whereas the superior quadrant consistently demonstrated reduced structural dimensions and lower detection rates. 9 These regional differences were further supported by Hann et al., who employed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to show that collector channels and SC were more frequently observed and more robust in the nasal and inferior quadrants compared to the superior angle. 11 These findings align with this study’s surgical outcomes, in which both nasal and inferior KDB goniotomies produced comparable IOP and medication reductions, suggesting that these two quadrants provide equally effective access to functional outflow pathways.
Furthermore, aqueous angiography studies have demonstrated that aqueous humor outflow is segmental and pulsatile, and that episcleral venous pressure and distal collector system patency vary between quadrants, contributing to heterogeneous IOP responses even after anatomically similar interventions. 10 Moreover, these studies substantiate the rationale for avoiding the superior quadrant in routine ab interno procedures due to its relative anatomical paucity of outflow structures. The congruence between these clinical results and anatomical insights supports the notion that either nasal or inferior quadrant KDB goniotomy can be selected based on surgical accessibility and patient-specific anatomy without sacrificing efficacy.
While persistent hyphema was noted in a few patients, overall complication rates were low and consistent with previously reported MIGS safety profiles.4–8,12 Complications such as cystoid macular edema, corneal edema, and persistent inflammation occurred infrequently and at similar rates in both treatment groups, supporting the overall favorable safety profile of the KDB technique. Although this study focused on traditional clinical metrics, future research may also incorporate patient-reported outcomes and recovery times. Whether quadrant selection impacts early postoperative comfort or visual recovery could offer further granularity for surgical planning.
This study has several limitations, most notably the smaller sample size of the inferior quadrant group, which limits statistical power and could mask true differences between the groups. A formal sample size or power calculation was not performed, as this was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who met inclusion criteria during the study period. Sample size was therefore determined by case availability rather than prospective statistical estimation, and the study may be underpowered to detect small or modest differences between groups. Accordingly, findings should be interpreted as exploratory, and larger prospective studies are needed to more definitively assess whether goniotomy quadrant selection influences surgical outcomes. Furthermore, the reported number of degrees or clock hours treated should be interpreted with caution, as surgeons typically estimate rather than precisely measure this intraoperatively, making it an inherently subjective parameter. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, measurement of the angle treated in a standardized quantitative manner was not possible. This variability may introduce minor measurement error, which could obscure subtle differences in outcomes between quadrants and should be considered when interpreting the results. Additionally, the retrospective study design inherently poses limitations related to data completeness, variability in follow-up intervals, and potential biases in patient selection. Although this study adjusted for baseline differences in glaucoma severity and medication burden, subgroup analyses by race or age were not conducted due to limited sample size. Previous studies have indicated potential variability in MIGS outcomes across ethnic groups, which warrants further investigation in future studies with larger and more diverse cohorts. Furthermore, quadrant selection was not randomized and likely reflected surgeon-specific practice patterns, which introduces the potential for selection bias. As a result, unmeasured factors influencing quadrant choice may have affected postoperative outcomes and cannot be fully accounted for in this retrospective analysis. Lastly, given the modest sample size and exploratory nature of this study, additional correlation analyses between baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were not performed to avoid overfitting and spurious associations. Future research with larger, prospective randomized controlled trials would be beneficial to further explore potential quadrant-specific differences in surgical outcomes and validate the clinical equivalence suggested by these findings.
This study also has several notable strengths. It represents the first direct comparison of nasal versus inferior quadrant excisional goniotomy using the KDB combined with cataract surgery. All procedures were performed at a single tertiary care academic center, allowing for consistent surgical technique and postoperative care. The inclusion of detailed baseline characteristics, adjustment for key preoperative disparities, and multiple postoperative follow-up intervals provides a comprehensive assessment of surgical outcomes. Furthermore, the incorporation of real-world surgical decision-making, including variable quadrant selection based on intraoperative anatomy, enhances the external validity and clinical applicability of these findings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study provides evidence that nasal and inferior quadrant KDB goniotomies performed in conjunction with cataract surgery produce comparable outcomes in terms of IOP reduction, medication usage, visual acuity improvement, and complication rates. The observed transient IOP elevation at postoperative week 1 in the inferior group may be explained by the mechanical effects of gravity-dependent hyphema. These results, along with similar findings from the OMNI quadrant comparison study, reinforce the clinical principle that quadrant selection can be guided by anatomical accessibility rather than rigid anatomical hierarchy. By demonstrating comparable outcomes between nasal and inferior treatments, this study adds evidence supporting flexible surgical planning tailored to patient-specific anatomy and intraoperative conditions. Clinicians may consider either quadrant approach based on ease of surgical access and patient-specific anatomical considerations without compromising overall effectiveness or safety.
Supplemental Material
sj-pdf-1-oed-10.1177_25158414261437987 – Supplemental material for Sectoral excisional goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade: nasal versus inferior angle treatment
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-oed-10.1177_25158414261437987 for Sectoral excisional goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade: nasal versus inferior angle treatment by Iden Amiri, Obi Wogu, David Fleischman, Rodolfo Bonatti and Meredith R. Klifto in Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology
Footnotes
References
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
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