Abstract
Navigating large and complex indoor spaces can be difficult for visitors unfamiliar with the layout, especially when network access is limited. Although technologies like Bluetooth beacons, Wi-Fi positioning, NFC tags, and augmented reality have been used for indoor navigation, this study introduces a quick response (QR) code-based indoor navigation system that operates entirely offline and requires minimal infrastructure. QR codes are placed in key locations with embedded static metadata, including floor and directional information, which is read by a cross-platform mobile app built using React Native. Field testing in a multifloor environment showed that the system reliably provides clear, step-by-step instructions without requiring internet connectivity. Overall, the proposed solution is cost-effective, scalable, and practical, offering a strong alternative to conventional indoor navigation technologies. When compared with other indoor navigation approaches, our system demonstrated 92% overall accuracy along with negligible deployment cost, highlighting its reliability and cost-effectiveness.
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