Managerial Drivers of Dynamic Capabilities in Platform-based E-commerce Firms: Interplay of Planning,Networking and Entrepreneurial Alertness

Abstract

Although the dynamic managerial capabilities research acknowledges the role of cognition, it has not adequately integrated the mechanism of opportunity sensing or clarified how opportunity-recognition competencies shape dynamic capabilities. These gaps are pronounced in platform ecosystems, where algorithmic governance and restricted managerial discretion heighten the reliance on individual cognition. This study proposes a competency–cognition–capabilities framework explaining how managerial planning and networking competencies shape the microprocesses of entrepreneurial alertness (scanning, association and evaluation), which in turn translate into firms’ sensing, seizing and reconfiguring capabilities. Drawing on survey data from top-level managers of Indian platform-based e-commerce firms, we employ a two-stage PLS-SEM approach to examine both direct and mediated pathways. Planning shapes dynamic capabilities primarily through an indirect cognitive pathway, strengthening the associative and evaluative microprocesses of alertness. Alertness shapes capability development predominantly through its associative and judgement-oriented components, which drive seizing and reconfiguring, whereas scanning offers limited value in algorithmically governed environments. In contrast, networking influences capabilities mainly through direct organizational pathways, supporting resource reconfiguration and routine modification while exerting limited cognitive effects. The study advances the microfoundational theory by revealing the mechanisms and pathways through which managerial competencies and alertness collectively shape dynamic capabilities in platform ecosystems.

Keywords

Dynamic capabilities entrepreneurial alertness planning networking platform ecosystem

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Adner

, & Helfat

C. E.

(2003). Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 1011–1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.331

Adomako

(2021). Entrepreneurial alertness and product innovativeness: Firm-level and environmental contingencies. International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919621500237

Alvarez

S. A.

, & Barney

J. B.

(2007). Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.4

Andersson

, & Evers

(2015). International opportunity recognition in international new ventures: A dynamic managerial capabilities perspective. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 13, 260–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-015-0149-5

Araujo

C. F.

, Karami

, Tang

, Roldan

L. B.

, & dos Santos

J. A.

(2023). Entrepreneurial alertness: A meta-analysis and empirical review. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 19, e00394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00394

Araújo

G. R.

, Kato

H. T.

, & Del Corso

J. M.

(2022). Dynamic capabilities, strategic planning and performance: A virtuous and mutually reinforcing cycle. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(5), 1116–1132. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.33

Arenius

, & De Clercq

(2005). A network-based approach on opportunity recognition. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1988-6

Baishya

, Karna

, Mahapatra

, Kumar

, & Mukherjee

(2025). Dynamic managerial capabilities: A critical synthesis and future directions. Journal of Business Research, 186, 115015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115015

Barney

, & Felin

(2013). What are microfoundations? The Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(2), 138–155. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0107

10.

Baron

R. A.

(2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs ‘connect the dots’ to identify new business opportunities. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2006.19873412

11.

Barrett

J. D.

, Vessey

W. B.

, & Mumford

M. D.

(2011). Getting leaders to think: Effects of training, threat, and pressure on performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(4), 729–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.012

12.

Barringer

B. R.

, & Bluedorn

A. C.

(1999). The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 421–444. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199905)20:5<421::AID-SMJ30>3.0.CO;2-O

13.

Becker

J.-M.

, Klein

, & Wetzels

(2012). Hierarchical latent variable models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using reflective-formative type models. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 359–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001

14.

Belezas

, & Daniel

A. D.

(2023). Innovation in the sharing economy: A systematic literature review and research framework. Technovation, 122, 102509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102509

15.

Ben Amara

, Chen

, & Hafeez

(2020). Role of entrepreneurial opportunity identification factors in the eco-innovation of agribusiness. Business Strategy and Development, 3(4), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.107

16.

Bendig

, Strese

, Flatten

T. C.

, da Costa

M. E. S.

, & Brettel

(2018). On micro-foundations of dynamic capabilities: A multi-level perspective based on CEO personality and knowledge-based capital. Long Range Planning, 51(6), 797–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.004

17.

Brass

D. J.

, Galaskiewicz

, Greve

H. R.

, & Tsai

(2004). Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 795–817. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159624

18.

Brinckmann

, Grichnik

, & Kapsa

(2010). Should entrepreneurs plan or just storm the castle? A meta-analysis on contextual factors impacting the business planning–performance relationship in small firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.007

19.

Burt

R. S.

(1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Harvard University Press.

20.

Busenitz

L. W.

, & Arthurs

J. D.

(2007). Cognition and capabilities in entrepreneurial ventures. In Baum

J. R.

, Frese

, & Baron

R. A.

(Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship (pp. 131–150). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

21.

Calabrese

, La Sala

, Fuller

R. P.

, & Laudando

(2021). Digital platform ecosystems for sustainable innovation: Toward a new meta-organizational model? Administrative Sciences, 11(4), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040119

22.

Chwolka

, & Raith

M. G.

(2012). The value of business planning before start-up: A decision-theoretical perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(3), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.01.002

23.

Coleman

(1990). Foundations of social theory. Harvard University Press.

24.

Cutolo

, & Kenney

(2021). Platform-dependent entrepreneurs: Power asymmetries, risks, and strategies in the platform economy. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(4), 584–605. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2019.0103

25.

Das

T. K.

, & Teng

B. S.

(2000). A resource-based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management, 26(1), 31–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600105

26.

De Carolis

D. M.

, & Saparito

(2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: A theoretical framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00109.x

27.

Delmar

, & Shane

(2003). Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures? Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1165–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.349

28.

Durán

W. F.

, & Aguado

(2022). CEOs’ managerial cognition and dynamic capabilities: A meta-analytical study from the microfoundations approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(3), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.24

29.

Edmondson

A. C.

, & Nembhard

I. M.

(2009). Product development and learning in project teams: The challenges are the benefits. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00341.x

30.

Esposito De Falco

, Renzi

, Orlando

, & Cucari

(2017). Open collaborative innovation and digital platforms. Production Planning & Control, 28(16), 1344–1353. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1375143

31.

Felin

, & Foss

N. J.

(2005). Strategic organization: A field in search of micro-foundations. Strategic Organization, 3(4), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127005055796

32.

Felin

, Foss

N. J.

, & Ployhart

R. E.

(2015). The microfoundations movement in strategy and organization theory. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 575–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2015.1007651

33.

Fiske

, & Taylor

(1984). Social cognition. Random House.

34.

Fornell

, & Larcker

D. F.

(1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

35.

Foss

N. J.

(2011). Why micro-foundations for resource-based theory are needed and what they may look like. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1413–1428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310390218

36.

Foss

N. J.

, & Pedersen

(2016). Microfoundations in strategy research. Strategic Management Journal, 37(13), E22–E34. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2362

37.

Frese

, & Gielnik

M. M.

(2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413–438. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326

38.

Frese

, Krauss

S. I.

, Keith

, Escher

, Grabarkiewicz

, Luneng

S. T.

, Heers

, Unger

, & Friedrich

(2007). Business owners’ action planning and its relationship to business success in three African countries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1481–1498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1481

39.

Frese

, van Gelderen

, & Ombach

(2000). How to plan as a small scale business owner: Psychological process characteristics of action strategies and success. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(2), 1–18.

40.

Gaglio

C. M.

, & Katz

J. A.

(2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011132102464

41.

Gavetti

(2012). Toward a behavioral theory of strategy. Organization Science, 23(1), 267–285. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0644

42.

George

, Karna

, & Sud

(2022). Entrepreneurship through the lens of dynamic managerial capabilities: A review of the literature. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(3), 605–631. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2022.25

43.

Gioia

D. A.

, & Chittipeddi

(1991). Sense-making and sense-giving in strategic change initiation. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250120604

44.

Gruber

(2007). Uncovering the value of planning in new venture creation: A process and contingency perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(6), 782–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.07.001

45.

Hansen

M. T.

(1999). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 82–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667032

46.

Harman

H. H.

(1967). Modern factor analysis. University of Chicago Press.

47.

Helfat

C. E.

, & Martin

J. A.

(2014). Dynamic managerial capabilities: Review and assessment of managerial impact on strategic change: review and assessment of managerial impact on strategic change. Journal of Management, 41(5), 1281–1312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314561301

48.

Helfat

C. E.

, & Peteraf

M. A.

(2015). Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 831–850. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2247

49.

Helfat

C. E.

, & Raubitschek

R. S.

(2018). Dynamic and integrative capabilities for profiting from innovation in digital platform-based ecosystems. Research Policy, 47(8), 1391–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.019

50.

Henseler

, Ringle

C. M.

, & Sarstedt

(2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

51.

Honig

, & Karlsson

(2004). Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management, 30(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2002.11.002

52.

Hughes

D. E.

, Le Bon

, & Rapp

(2013). Gaining and leveraging customer-based competitive intelligence: The pivotal role of social capital and salesperson adaptive selling skills. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-012-0311-8

53.

Hughes

, & Hodgkinson

(2021). Knowledge management activities and strategic planning capability development. European Business Review, 33(2), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-03-2019-0034

54.

Hutton

, Demir

, & Eldridge

(2021). How does open innovation contribute to the firm’s dynamic capabilities? Technovation, 106, Article 102288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102288

55.

Istipliler

, Ahsan

, Mole

, Adomako

, Gyensare

, & Tang

(2025). Entrepreneurial alertness in dynamic environments: Mediating pathways to entrepreneurial orientation and performance. British Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12907

56.

Jack

S. L.

(2010). Approaches to studying networks: Implications and outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.010

57.

Jiao

, Cui

, Zhu

, & Chen

(2014). Building entrepreneurs’ innovativeness through knowledge management: The mediating effect of entrepreneurial alertness. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 26(5), 501–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2013.872774

58.

Kaish

, & Gilad

(1991). Characteristics of opportunity search of entrepreneurs versus executives: Sources, interests, general alertness. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90005-X

59.

Karami

, & Tang

(2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance: The mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 37(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618807275

60.

Kirzner

I. M.

(1979). Perception, opportunity, and profit. University of Chicago Press.

61.

Kock

(2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101

62.

Kock

, & Hadaya

(2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131

63.

Kretschmer

, Leiponen

, Schilling

, & Vasudeva

(2022). Platform ecosystems as meta-organizations: Implications for platform strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 43(3), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3250

64.

Kyndt

, & Baert

(2015). Entrepreneurial competencies: Assessment and predictive value for entrepreneurship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.07.002

65.

Lange

J. E.

, Mollov

, Pearlmutter

, Singh

, & Bygrave

W. D.

(2007). Pre-startup formal business plans and post-startup performance: A study of 116 new ventures. Venture Capital, 9, 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691060701414840

66.

Lanivich

S. E.

, Zahoor

, Donbesuur

, Miri

, & Adomako

(2025). Entrepreneurial alertness: A mechanism for innovation and growth in an emerging economy. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 42, 109–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-024-09978-w

67.

Locke

E. A.

, & Latham

G. P.

(1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Prentice-Hall.

68.

Majid

, Yasir

, & Yousaf

(2021). Network capability and strategic performance in SMEs: The role of strategic flexibility and organizational ambidexterity. Eurasian Business Review, 11(4), 587–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-020-00165-7

69.

Manev

I. M.

, Gyoshev

B. S.

, & Manolova

T. S.

(2005). The role of human and social capital and entrepreneurial orientation for small business performance in a transitional economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 5(3/4), 298–318. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2005.006531

70.

McGrath

, Medlin

C. J.

, & O’Toole

(2019). A process-based model of network capability development by a start-up firm. Industrial Marketing Management, 80, 214–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.11.011

71.

McIntyre

D. P.

, & Srinivasan

(2017). Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps. Strategic Management Journal, 38(1), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2596

72.

Miller

, & Toh

P. K.

(2022). Complementary components and returns from coordination within ecosystems via standard setting. Strategic Management Journal, 43(3), 627–662. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3143

73.

Mintzberg

(1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. Harvard Business Review, 72(1), 107–114.

74.

Mitchell

T. R.

, & Beach

L. R.

(1990). ‘… Do I love thee? Let me count …’: Toward an understanding of intuitive and automatic decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(90)90044-A

75.

(2013). Networking capability, new venture performance and entrepreneurial rent. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-06-2012-0011

76.

(2014). Networking capability, network structure and new product development performance. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 61(4), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2014.2359160

77.

, Thomas

, Peng

, & Di Benedetto

(2017). Strategic orientation and new product development performance: The role of networking capability and networking ability. Industrial Marketing Management, 64, 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.09.007

78.

Mumford

M. D.

, Mecca

J. T.

, & Watts

L. I.

(2015). Planning processes: Relevant cognitive operations. In Mumford

M. D.

& Frese

(Eds.), The psychology of planning in organizations: Research and applications. Routledge.

79.

Mumford

M. D.

, Medeiros

K. E.

, & Partlow

P. J.

(2012). Creative thinking: Processes, strategies, and knowledge. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 46, 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.003

80.

Mumford

M. D.

, Schultz

R. A.

, & Van Doorn

J. R.

(2001). Performance in planning: Processes, requirements, and errors. Review of General Psychology, 5(3), 213–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.3.213

81.

Mumford

M. D.

, Todd

E. M.

, Higgs

, & McIntosh

(2017). Cognitive skills and leadership performance: The nine critical skills. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.012

82.

Nakajima

, & Sekiguchi

(2025). Is business planning useful for entrepreneurs? A review and recommendations. Businesses, 5(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5010010

83.

Nikraftar

, & Hosseini

(2016). Factors affecting entrepreneurial opportunities recognition in tourism small and medium-sized enterprises. Tourism Review, 71(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2015-0042

84.

Ozgen

, & Baron

R. A.

(2007). Social sources of information in opportunity recognition: Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.001

85.

Palmié

, Rüegger

, & Parida

(2023). Microfoundations in the strategic management of technology and innovation: Definitions, systematic literature review, integrative framework, and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 154, 113351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113351

86.

Pollack

J. M.

, Rutherford

M. W.

, Seers

, Coy

A. E.

, & Hanson

(2016). Exploring entrepreneurs’ social network ties: Quantity versus quality. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 6, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2016.09.001

87.

Roundy

P. T.

, Harrison

D. A.

, Khavul

, Pérez-Nordtvedt

, & McGee

J. E.

(2017). Entrepreneurial alertness as a pathway to strategic decisions and organizational performance. Strategic Organization, 16(2), 192–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127017693970

88.

Sarstedt

, Hair

J. F.

, Cheah

J.-H.

, Becker

J.-M.

, & Ringle

C. M.

(2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003

89.

Shane

, & Delmar

(2004). Planning for the market: Business planning before marketing and the continuation of organizing efforts. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(6), 767–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.11.001

90.

Shmueli

, Sarstedt

, Hair

J. F.

, Cheah

J. H.

, Ting

, Vaithilingam

, & Ringle

C. M.

(2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189

91.

Srivastava

, Sahaym

, & Allison

T. H.

(2021). Alert and awake: Role of alertness and attention on rate of new product introductions. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(4), 106023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106023

92.

Tang

, Kacmar

K. M.

, & Busenitz

(2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001

93.

Teece

D. J.

(2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations, of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640

94.

Teece

D. J.

, Pisano

, & Shuen

(1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ862>3.0.CO;2-Z

95.

Thein

K. S.

, Takahashi

, & Soe

A. T.

(2023). The impact of action planning after causation-and-effectuation-based entrepreneurship education. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070569

96.

Thomas

J. B.

, Clark

S. M.

, & Gioia

D. A.

(1993). Strategic sensemaking and organizational performance: Linkages among scanning, interpretation, action, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36(2), 239–270. https://doi.org/10.2307/256522

97.

Valliere

(2013). Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.004

98.

Vesalainen

, & Hakala

(2014). Strategic capability architecture: The role of network capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(6), 938–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.05.008

99.

Wang

, Zhao

, & Wang

(2024). Making platform firms’ competitive advantage sustainable: The roles of network orchestration capabilities and collaborative innovation. Journal of Business Research, 183, 114854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114854

100.

Weber

, & Heidenreich

(2018). When and with whom to cooperate? Investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success. Long Range Planning, 51(2), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.003

101.

Wilden

, Gudergan

S. P.

, Nielsen

B. B.

, & Lings

(2013). Dynamic capabilities and performance: Strategy, structure and environment. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 72–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.12.001

102.

Wolf

, & Floyd

S. W.

(2013). Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1754–1788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478185

103.

Wood

R. E.

, Whelan

, Sojo

, & Wong

(2013). Goals, goal orientations, strategies and performance. In Locke

E. A.

& Latham

G. P.

(Eds.), New developments in goal and task performance (pp. 90–114). Routledge.

104.

Xie

, & Lv

(2016). Social networks of female tech-entrepreneurs and new venture performance: The moderating effects of entrepreneurial alertness and gender discrimination. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 963–983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0413-8

105.

Zacca

, Dayan

, & Ahrens

(2015). Impact of network capability on small business performance. Management Decision, 53(1), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2013-0587

106.

Zeng

, Yang

, & Lee

S. H.

(2023). Resource orchestration and scaling-up of platform-based entrepreneurial firms: The logic of dialectic tuning. Journal of Management Studies, 60(3), 605–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12854

107.

Zhang

, Li

, & Tong

T. W.

(2022). Platform governance matters: How platform gatekeeping affects knowledge sharing among complementors. Strategic Management Journal, 43(3), 599–626. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3191

108.

Zhao

, von Delft

, Morgan-Thomas

, & Buck

(2020). The evolution of platform business models: Exploring competitive battles in the world of platforms. Long Range Planning, 53(4), Article 101892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101892

109.

Zhu

, Adomako

, Donbesuur

, Ahsan

, Shinnar

, & Sadeghi

(2024). Entrepreneurial passion, alertness, and opportunity recognition: Affective–cognitive interactions in dynamic environments. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 43(4), 358–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426241298176

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.13 MB