A literature review of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours, illustrated with an index case report describing an 80-year-old woman who presented with a mass in the left popliteal fossa, is reported. An excision biopsy was performed, revealing a possible peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour as the primary pathology. Normally confined to the chest wall and axial soft tissues of children and young adults, reports of this tumour existing in other areas and in the elderly population are scarce.
AskinFBRosaiJ.SibleyRKDehnerLPMcAlisterWH. Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood: A distinctive clinicopathologic entity of uncertain histogenesis.Cancer1979; 43: 2438–51.
5.
SchweigertM.MeyerC.WolfF.SteinHJ. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the thymus.Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2011; 12: 303–5.
6.
O'SullivanMJPerlmanEJFurmanJ.HumphreyPADehnerLPPfeiferJD. Visceral primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors: A clinicopathologic and molecular study.Hum Pathol2001; 32: 1109–15.
7.
VindalA.KakarAK. Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the breast.J Clin Oncol2010; 28: e453–5.
8.
HarzyT.ElmriniA.ZnatiK.AmartiA.BonoW.. Metastatic peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing's sarcoma of the knee mimicking a popliteal cyst in an adult patient.J Clin Rheumatol2009; 15: 150.
9.
MarquesM.CardosoH.BarrocaH.LopesJ.MacedoG.. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the liver: A case report and review of the literature.Gastroenterol Hepatol2011; 34: 611–3.
10.
KahnAGAvagninaA.NazarJ.ElsnerB.. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lung.Arch Pathol Lab Med2001; 125: 397–9.
11.
ParuliyaD.SharmaS.GokhrooS.YadavSSSharmaKKSadasukhiTC. Primary neuroectodermal tumor of penis (PNET) – a case report.Urology2007; 70: 811e9–10.
12.
GrierHE. The Ewing family of tumors. Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.Pediatr Clin North Am1997; 44: 991–1004.
13.
HariS.JainTPThulkarS.BakhshiS.. Imaging features of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours.Br J Radiol2008; 81: 975–83.
RobbinsSL. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease.Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier2010; 1232–3.
16.
de AlavaE.GeraldWL. Molecular biology of the Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor family.J Clin Oncol2000; 18: 204–13.
17.
ParikhM.SamujhR.KanojiaRPMishraAKSodhiKSBalA.. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the chest wall in childhood: Clinico-pathological significance, management and literature review.Chang Gung Med J2011; 34: 213–7.
18.
BaldiniEHDemetriGDFletcherCDForanJ.MarcusKCSingerS.. Adults with Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor: Adverse effect of older age and primary extraosseous disease on outcome.Ann Surg1999; 230: 79–86.
19.
Suarez AnteloJ.Rodriguez GarciaC.Montero MartinezC.Verea HernandoH.. [Pulmonary Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A case report and a review of the literature].Arch Bronconeumol2010; 46: 44–6.
20.
TakahashiD.NagayamaJ.NagatoshiY.. Primary Ewing's sarcoma family tumors of the lung a case report and review of the literature.Jpn J Clin Oncol2007; 37: 874–7.
21.
FizaziK.DohollouN.BlayJY. Ewing's family of tumors in adults: Multivariate analysis of survival and long-term results of multimodality therapy in 182 patients.J Clin Oncol1998; 16: 3736–43.
22.
KolbEAKushnerBHGorlickR.. Long-term event-free survival after intensive chemotherapy for Ewing's family of tumors in children and young adults.J Clin Oncol2003; 21: 3423–30.
23.
KushnerBHMeyersPA. How effective is dose-intensive/myeloablative therapy against Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor metastatic to bone or bone marrow? The Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience and a literature review.J Clin Oncol2001; 19: 870–80.
24.
MiserJSKrailoMDTarbellNJ. Treatment of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone: Evaluation of combination ifosfamide and etoposide – a Children's Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group study.J Clin Oncol2004; 22: 2873–6.
25.
SmorenburgCHvan GroeningenCJMeijerOWVisserM.BovenE.. Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumour in adults: Single-centre experience in The Netherlands.Neth J Med2007; 65: 132–6.
26.
AmbrosIMAmbrosPFStrehlS.KovarH.GadnerH.Salzer-KuntschikM.. MIC2 is a specific marker for Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Evidence for a common histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors from MIC2 expression and specific chromosome aberration.Cancer1991; 67: 1886–93.
27.
KhongPLChanGCShekTWTamPKChanFL. Imaging of peripheral PNET: Common and uncommon locations.Clin Radiol2002; 57: 272–7.
28.
SallustioG.PirrontiT.LasorellaA.NataleL.BrayA.MaranoP.. Diagnostic imaging of primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the chest wall (Askin tumour).Pediatr Radiol1998; 28: 697–702.
29.
HromasR.KlemszM.. The ETS oncogene family in development, proliferation and neoplasia.Int J Hematol1994; 59: 257–65.
30.
BertolottiA.MelotT.AckerJ.VigneronM.DelattreO.ToraL.. EWS, but not EWS-FLI-1, is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II: Interactions between two members of the TET family, EWS and hTAFII68, and subunits of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes.Mol Cell Biol1998; 18: 1489–97.
31.
KoK.KimEALeeESKwonY.. Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the breast: A case report.Korean J Radiol2009; 10: 407–10.
32.
TamuraG.SasouS.KudohS.. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the breast: Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.Pathol Int2007; 57: 509–12.
33.
WeidnerN.TjoeJ.. Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: Antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma.Am J Surg Pathol1994; 18: 486–94.
34.
RaoBNHayesFAThompsonEI. Chest wall resection for Ewing's sarcoma of the rib: An unnecessary procedure.Ann Thorac Surg1988; 46: 40–4.
35.
MartinRCIIBrennanMF. Adult soft tissue Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumors: Predictors of survival?Arch Surg2003; 138: 281–5.
36.
TerrierP.Llombart-BoschA.ContessoG.. Small round blue cell tumors in bone: Prognostic factors correlated to Ewing's sarcoma and neuroectodermal tumors.Semin Diagn Pathol1996; 13: 250–7.
37.
VerrillMWJudsonIRHarmerCLFisherC.ThomasJMWiltshawE.. Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in adults: Are they different from Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in children?J Clin Oncol1997; 15: 2611–21.
38.
GobelV.JurgensH.EtspulerG.. Prognostic significance of tumor volume in localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone in children and adolescents.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol1987; 113: 187–91.
39.
KinsellaTJMiserJSWallerB.. Long-term follow-up of Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated with combined modality therapy.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1991; 20: 389–95.
40.
WilkinsRMPritchardDJBurgertEOJrUnniKK. Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Experience with 140 patients.Cancer.1986; 58: 2551–5.
41.
NesbitMEJrGehanEABurgertEOJr. Multimodal therapy for the management of primary, nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone: A long-term follow-up of the First Intergroup study.J Clin Oncol1990; 8: 1664–74.
42.
FolpeALGoldblumJRRubinBP. Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: A study of 66 genetically confirmed cases.Am J Surg Pathol2005; 29: 1025–33.
43.
MaksimenkoA.LambertG.BertrandJRFattalE.CouvreurP.MalvyC.. Therapeutic potentialities of EWS-Fli-1 mRNA-targeted vectorized antisense oligonucleotides.Ann N Y Acad Sci2003; 1002: 72–7.