Biomaterials derived from natural sources have considerable interest in human health care. This study reports a simple method of designing a bone drug delivery system using porous bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA). The porous BHA blocks with different porosity were fabricated by a die-pressing method using polyvinylbutyral (PVB) as a porosifier. A model antibiotic drug, neomycin sulfate (NS) was loaded in the blocks and its in vitro release performance was studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis provided qualitative proof of drug molecule entrapment in the BHA blocks. The in vitro evaluation of the drug indicated that the rate of drug loading and release was directly proportional to the porosity of the blocks. (Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics 2005; 3: 93–7)
IpsenT., JorgensonP.S., DamholtV., TorholmC.Gentamicin-collagen sponge for local applications: 10 cases of chronic osteomyelitis followed for 1 year.Acta Orthop Scand1991; 62: 592–4.
2.
ZilchH., LambirisE.The sustained release of cefotaxin from a fibrin-cefotaxim compound in treatment of osteitis.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg1986; 106: 36–41.
3.
WeiG., KotouraY., OkaM., YamamuroT., WadaR., HyonS.H., IkadaY.A bioabsorbable delivery system for antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis.J Bone Joint Surg Br1991; 73-B: 246–52.
4.
WhalingH., DingeldenE., BergmannR., ReussK.The release of gentamicin from polymethyl methacrylate beads.An experimental and pharmacokinetic study J Bone Joint Surg Br1978; 60-B: 270–5.
5.
KawanabeK., OkadaY., MatsusueY., IidaH., NakamuraT.Treatment of osteomyelitis with antibiotic soaked porous glass ceramic.J Bone Joint Surg Br1998; 80-B: 527–30.
6.
ShintoY., UchidaA., KorkusuzF., ArakiF., OnoK.Calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic used as a delivery system for antibiotics.J Bone Joint Surg Br1992; 74-B: 600–4.
7.
MuruganR., RaoK.P.Controlled release of antibiotic from surface modified coralline hydroxyapatite.Trends Biomater Artif Organs2002; 16: 43–5.
8.
ChangY.L., StanfordC.M., KellerJ.C.Calcium and phosphate supplementation promotes bone cell mineralization: Implications for hydroxyapatite (HA)-enhanced bone formation.J Biomed Mater Res2000; 52: 270–8.
9.
GotoT., KojimaT., IijimaT.Resorption of synthetic porous hydroxyapatite and replacement by newly formed bone.J Orthop Sci2001; 6: 444–7.
10.
MuruganR., RamakrishnaS.Nanostructured biomaterials. Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology.California: American Scientific Publishers, 2004; Vol. 7: 595–613.
11.
MuruganR., RaoK.P., KumarT.S.S.Heat-deproteinated xenogeneic bone from slaughterhouse waste: physicochemical properties.Bull Mater Sci2003; 26: 523–8.
12.
MuruganR., RamakrishnaS.Bioresorbable composite bone paste using polysaccharide based nano hydroxyapatite.Biomaterials2004; 25: 3829–35.
TasA.C.Molten salt synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite whiskers.J Am Ceram Soc2001; 84: 295–300.
15.
CataneseJ.III, FeatherstoneJ.D.B., KeaveryT.M.Characterization of the mechanical and ultrastructural properties of heat treated cortical bone for use as a bone substitute.J Biomed Mater Res1999; 45: 327–36.
16.
MerryJ.C., GibsonI.R., BestS.M., BonfieldW.Synthesis and characterization of carbonate hydroxyapatite.J Mater Sci Mater Med1998; 9: 779–83.
17.
WalshW.R., LabradorD.P., KimH.D., GuzelsuN.The effect of in vitro fluoride ion treatment on the ultrasonic properties of cortical bone.Ann Biomed Eng1994; 22: 404–15.
18.
MuruganR., KumarT.S.S., YangF., RamakrishnaS.Hydroxyl carbonateapatite hybrid bone composites using carbohydrate polymer.J Comp Mater2005; 39: 1159–67.
19.
BakerR.Controlled release of biologically active agents.New York: John Wiley and Son, 1987.
20.
LiuD.M.Fabrication of hydroxyapatite ceramic with controlled porosity.J Mater Sci Mater Med1997; 8: 227–32.
21.
SunshineI.Handbook of spectrophotometric data of drugs.Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1980.
22.
JoschekS., NiesB., KrotzR., GopferichA.Chemical and physicochemical characterization of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics made of natural bone.Biomaterials2000; 21: 1645–58.
