Emergency Preparedness Plan

Abstract

Although some disasters can be predicted, others may occur without much warning. The occupational and environmental health nurse should be involved in all aspects of an emergency response plan.

Recent disasters in the news range from earthquakes in Nepal to tornadoes in Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma to droughts in California and Washington and floods, mudslides, explosions, and fires throughout the world. Homes, businesses, schools, churches, and other community structures are damaged or destroyed by these natural disasters. Although some disasters can be predicted (e.g., hurricanes), others may occur without warning (e.g., earthquakes and fires). Tornadoes often occur in the spring and hurricanes in the summer and fall, although weather is unpredictable.

To keep workers safe, a comprehensive emergency preparedness plan is essential. To be effective, the plan must be well designed and understood by all workers (Gates, 2015). Although the main goal is to protect workers, the emergency plan also protects the business. According to the American Red Cross (2007), one in four businesses do not reopen after a major disaster such as a flood, tornado, or earthquake.

A risk assessment can help an employer prepare for disasters that are likely to occur in a geographic area. “Understanding the potential risks that are likely in a certain location allows a company to create a workplace emergency plan that encompasses all risks but gives extra attention to the disasters that are most likely to occur in its area” (Gates, 2015, p. 50). When disaster strikes during business hours, it is critical for management and employees alike to follow the emergency plan and remain calm.

An emergency response planning committee should be established in the worksite with representation from all divisions and departments, along with key community emergency response agencies. A written plan should describe in detail the procedures to follow for any disaster or emergency that could happen. A written plan is essential as response will vary based on the type of emergency encountered. For example, fires require all employees to evacuate buildings quickly. During an earthquake, evacuation is not recommended as it may contribute to injuries; instead, employees should drop to the ground and cover their head and neck with hands and arms (Gates, 2015). In some instances, such as a workplace violence episode or tornado, employees may need to shelter in place; these locations should be clearly marked. A plan for the care and movement of employees and visitors, including those with disabilities or those who may need extra time to evacuate, must also be developed.

Emergency supplies should be available and include first aid kits, fire extinguishers, respirators, emergency protective clothing, blankets, water, and alternate communication devices such as weather radios, two-way radios, and charged cell phones. After the emergency, used supplies and equipment must be replaced. Periodic training about the emergency preparedness plan and mock drills will reinforce employees’ responsibilities in an actual emergency. After the drill, the plan can be modified to improve disaster response.

The occupational and environmental health nurse should be involved in all aspects of the development and testing of an emergency response plan, including serving on the response planning committee, conducting training, coordinating mock drills, interacting with the community, and sharing resources. As a result, the safety of workers can be ensured.