Focused Topic Session Summaries

Aoki N Sakai T : Rebleeding from intracranial dissecting aneurysms of the vertebral artery. Stroke 21: 1628–1631, 1990.

Halbach V Higashida R : Endovascular treatment of vertebral artery dissections and pseudoaneurysms. J Neurosurgery 79: 183–191, 1993.

Kitanaka C Tanaka J : Nonsurgical treatment of un-ruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissection with serial follow-up angiography. J Neurosurgery 80: 667–674, 1994.

Maillo A Diaz P Morales F : Dissecting aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery: Spontaneous reolution. Neurosurgery 29: 291–294, 1991.

Mizutani T Aruga T : Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage frrom untreated ruptured vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Neurosurgery 36: 905–913, 1995.

Pozatti E Padovani R : Benign arterial dissections of the posterior circulation. J Neurosurgery 75: 69–72, 1991.

Tsukahara T Wada H : Proximal ballon occlusion for dissecting vertebral aneurysms accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 36: 914–…, 1995.

Yamaura A Watanabe Y Seaki N : Dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial vertebral artery. J Neurosurgery 72: 183–188, 1990.

Wilkinson IMS : The vertebral artery. Extracranial and intracranial structure. Arch Neurology 27: 392–396, 1972.

Lasjaunias P : Intracranial aneurysms in children. In: Vascular diseases in neonates, infants, and children. Springer, Berlin 1997: 373–393.

Laughlin S TerBrugge KG : Endovascular management of pediatric intracranial aneurysms. Interventional Neuroradiology 3: 205–214, 1997.

Lasjaunias PL Campi A : Aneurysmal disease in children. Interventional Neuroradiology 3: 215–229, 1997.

Castillo M : Prethrombolysis brain imaging: Trends and contraversies. Am J Neuroradiol 18: 1830–1834, 1997.

Gàcs G Fox A : CT Visualization of intracranial arterial thromboembolism. Stroke 14: 756–764, 1983.

Tomsick T Brott T : Thrombus localization with emergency cerebral CT. Am J Neuroradiol 13: 257–263, 1992.

von Kummer R Meyding-Lamadé U : Sensitivity and prognostic value of early computed tomography in middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 9–15, 1994.

Bryan N Levy L : Diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction: Comparison of CT and MR Imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 12: 611–620, 1991.

Aulich A Wende S : Diagnosis and follow-up studies in cerebral infarcts. In: Lanksch W Kazner E (eds): Cranial Computerized Tomography. Springer, Heidelberg 1976: 273–283.

Bozzao L Bastianello S : Correlation of angiographic and sequential CT findings in patients with evolving cerebral infarction. Am J Neuroradiol 10: 1215–1222, 1989.

Tomura N Uemura K : Early CT finding in cerebral infarction. Radiology 168: 463–467, 1988.

Truwit C Barkovich A : Loss of the insular ribbon: Another early CT sign of acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Radiology 176: 801–806, 1990.

von Kummer R Weber J : Brain and vascular imaging in acute ischemic stroke: The potential of computed tomography. Neurology 49 (Suppl 4): S52–S55, 1997.

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von Kummer R Allen K : Acute stroke: Usefulness of early CT findings before thrombolytic therapy. Radiology 205: 327–333, 1997.

Knauth M von Kummer R : Potential of CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 18: 1001–1010, 1997.

Shrier D Tanaka H : CT angiography in the evaluation of acute stroke. Am J Neuroradiol 18: 1011–1020, 1997.

Hacke W Kaste M : Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study. JAMA 274(13): 1017–1025, 1995.

National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke rt-PA Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 355: 1581–1587, 1995.

International Stroke Trial Pilot Study Collaborative Group. Study Design of the International Stroke Trial (IST), baseline data, and outcome in 984 randomized patients in the pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60: 371–376, 1996.

Hachinski V Norris JW : Reversibility of cerebral ischemia in The acute stroke. F. A. Davis company. Philadelphia 1985: 41–63.

Hossman KA : Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia. Ann Neurol 36: 557–565, 1994.

Bryan RN Levy LM : Diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction: Comparison of CT and MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 12: 611–620, 1991.

Saunders DE Howe FA : Continuing ischemc damage after acute middle cerebral artery infarction in humans demonstrated by short echo proton spectroscopy. Stroke 26: 1007–1013, 1995.

Beauchamp NJ Bryan RN : Acute cerebral ischemic infarction: A pathophysiologic reveiw and radiologic perspective. AJR 1998. In press.

Hoult D Busby S : Observation of tissue metabolites using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nature 252: 285–287, 1974.

Michaelis T Merboldt K-D : On the identification of cerebral metabolites in localized 1H NMR Spectra of human brain in vivo. NMR Biomed 4: 90–98, 1991.

Petroff O Prichard J : Cerebral intracellular pH by 31P nuclear resonance spectroscopy. Neurology 35: 781–788, 1985.

Plum F : What causes infarction in ischemic brain?: The Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 33: 222–233, 1983.

Levine SR Helpern JA : Human focal cerebral ischemia: Evaluation of brain pH and energy metabolism with 31P NMR spectroscopy. Radiology 185: 537–544, 1992.

Barker PB Gillard JH : Acute stroke: Evaluation with serial proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 192: 723–732, 1994.

Crockard HA Gadian DG : Acute cerebral ischemia: Concurrent changes in cerebral blood flow, energy metabolites, pH, and lactate measured with hydrogen clearance and 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance specroscopy. II. Changes during ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 7: 394–402, 1987.

Monsein LH Matthews VP : Irreversible regional cerebral ischemia: Serial MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Neuroradiol 14: 963–970, 1993.

Bruhn H Frahm J : Cerebral metabolism in man after acute stroke: New observations using localized proton NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 9: 126–131, 1989.

Graham GD Kalvach P : Clinical correlates of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings after acute cerebral infarction. Stroke 26: 225–229, 1995.

Federico F Simone IL : Prognostic significance of metabolic changes detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ischaemic stroke. J Neurol 243: 241–247, 1996.

Barker PB : Metabolism: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging. In: Primer on cerebrovascular Diseases. Welch KMA Caplan LR (eds): Academic Press, San Diego 1997: 650–660.

Frahm J Bruhn H : Localized high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes initial applications to human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med 9: 79–93, 1989.

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Haase A Frahm J : 1H NMR chemical shift selective imaging. Phys Med Biol 30: 341–344, 1985.

Duyn JH Frank JA Moonen CTW : Incorporation of lactate measurements in multi-spin-echo proton spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 33: 101–107, 1995.

Firlik AD Kaufmann AM Wechsler LR : Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Determinations in Acute Stroke. Relationship to Computed Tomography and Angiography. Stroke 28: 2208–2213, 1998.

Wolpert SM Bruckman H : Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with acute stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Am J Neuroradiol 14: 3–13, 1993.

del Zoppo GJ Poeck K : Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic stroke. Ann Neurol 32: 78–86, 1992.

European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) Group: JAMA 274: 1017–1060, 1995.

NINDS tPA Stroke Study Group: Generalized efficacy of tPA for acute stroke. Subgroup analysis of the NINDS tPA Stroke trial. Stroke 28: 2119–2125, 1997.

NINDS Study Group: Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. NEJM 333: 1581–1588, 1995.

NINDS Stroke Study Group: Effect of rt-PA on ischemic lesion size by computed tomography. Preliminary results from the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 29: 287, 1998.

NINDS tPA Stroke Study Group: Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous tPA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 28: 2109–2118, 1997.

vonKummer R Meyding-Lamade Uta : Sensitivity and prognostic value of early CT in occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 9–15, 1994.

Freitag HJ Becker VU : Lys-plasminogen as an adjunct to local intra-arterial fibrinolysis for carotid territory stroke. Neuroradiology 38: 181–185, 1996.

Wechsler LR Jungreis CA : Long-term followup of patients treated with intraarterial urokinase for acute stroke. Stroke 29: 290, 1998.

Sunshine JL Tarr RW : Comparison of arterial thrombolysis for acute stroke with others' placebo and intravenous treatments. (Abstract). Proceedings of the First Joint Meeting of the ASITN and AANS, Lake Buena Vista (Fla) 1998.

del Zoppo GJ Higashida RT : PROACT: A Phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke 29: 4–11, 1998.

EMS Study Group: Combined intravenous and intraarterial tPA for Acute Stroke. (Abstract). Presented at the 35th Annual Meeting of the ASNR, Toronto (CA) 1997.

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Hacke W Kaste M : Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue palminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 274: 1017–1025, 1995.

The NINDS Study Group: Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333: 1581–1587, 1995.

Von Kummer R Lamade Meyding U : Sensitivity and prognostic value of early CT in occlusion of the middle cerebral artery trunk. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 9–15, 1994.

Del Zoppo G Higashida R : PROACT: Phase II radomized trial of recombinant Pro-Urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle artery stroke. Stroke 29: 4–11, 1998.

Wardlaw JM Warlow CP : Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Does it work? Stroke 23: 1826–1839, 1992.

Freitag HJ Becker V : Plasminogen plus rt-PA improves intraarterial thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. In: Yamaguchi Minematsu del Zoppo (eds): Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke III. Springer-Verlag, New York 1995.

Kucinski T Koch C : The predictive value of early CT and angiography for fatal hemispheric swelling in acute stroke patients. Am J Neuroradiol (in press).

Archer C Horenstein S : Basilar artery occlusion. Clinical and radiological correlation. Stroke 8: 383–390, 1977.

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Hacke W Zeumer H : Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Stroke 19: 1216–1222, 1988.

Zeumer H Hacke W Ringelstein E : Local intraarterial thrombolysis in vertebrobasilar thromboembolic disease. Am J Neuroradiol 4: 401–404, 1983.

Wijdicks EF Nichols DA : Intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute basilar artery thromboembolism: The initial Mayo Clinic experience. Mayo Clin Proc 72: 1005–1013, 1997.

Cross DT Moran CJ : Relationship between clot location and outcome after basilar artery thrombolysis. Am J Neuroradiol 18: 1221–1228, 1997.

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Johnson JT : A surgeon looks at cervical lymph nodes. Radiology 75: 607–610, 1990.

Lutz CK Johnson JT : Supraglottic cancer: Patterns of recurrence. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 99: 12–17, 1990.

Mancuso AA Maceri D : CT of cervical lymph node cancer. Am J Radiol 136: 381–385, 1981.

Reede DL Bergeron RT : CT of cervical lymph nodes. J Otolaryngol 11: 411–418, 1982.

Som PM : Lymph nodes of the neck. Radiology 165: 593–600, 1987.

Manual for Staging of Cancer. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Fourth edition. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 1992.

Curtin HD Ishwaran H : Comparison of CT and MRI in staging of neck metastases. Radiology 1998 (in press).

Zeitels SM Comanowski GF : A model for multidisciplinary data collection for cervical metastasis. Laryngoscope 101: 13113–1317, 1991.

Som PM : Detection of metastasis in cervical lymph nodes: CT and MR criteria and differential diagnosis. Am J Radiol 158: 961–969, 1992.

Van den Brekel MW Stel HV : Cervical lymph node metastasis: Assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology 177: 379–384, 1990.

Mancuso AA Harnsberger HR : Computed tomography of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph nodes: Normal anatomy, variants and applications in staging head and neck cancer, part II. Pathology. Radiology 148: 715–723, 1983.

Yousem D Som PM : Central nodal necrosis and extracapsular neoplastic spread in cervical lymph nodes. MR imaging versus CT. Radiology 182: 753–759, 1992.

van den Brekel MWM Castelijns JA Snow GB : The size of lymph nodes in the neck on ultrasound as a radiologic criterion for metastasis; how unreliable is it? Am J Neuroradiol (in press).

van den Brekel MWM Castelijns JA Snow GB : Imaging of cervical lymphadenopathy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 6: 417–434, 1996.

Friedman M Roberts N : Nodal size of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 103: 854–856, 1993.

The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group. Induction chemotherapy plus radiation compared with surgery plus radiation in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 324: 85–1690, 1991.

Zelefsky MJ Kraus DH : Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 18: 405–411, 1996.

Mendenhall WM Parsons JT : Radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: An alternative to surgery. Head Neck 18: 24–35, 1996.

Mendenhall WM Parsons JT : Stage T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx: A comparison of laryngectomy and irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23: 725–732, 1992.

Mendenhall WM Parsons JT : Radiotherapy alone or combined with a neck dissection for T1-T2 carcinoma of the pyriform sinus: An alternative to conservation surgery. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 27: 1017–1027, 1993.

Lee WR Mancuso AA : Can pretreatment computed tomographic findings predict local control in T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with radiotherapy alone? Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 25: 683–687, 1993.

Freeman DE Mancuso AA : Irradiation alone for supraglottic larynx carcinoma: Can CT findings predict treatment results? Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 19: 485–490, 1990.

Mancuso AA Mukherji SK : Value of pretreatment CT as a predictor of outcome in supraglottic cancer treated with radiotherapy alone (Abstract). Radiology 193: 262, 1994.

Pameijer FA Mancuso AA : Can pretreatment computed tomography predict local control in T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive radiotherapy? Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 37: 1011–1021, 1997.

Pameijer FA Mancuso AA : Analysis of pretreatment computed tomography as a predictor of local control in T1/T2 pyriform sinus carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy? Head Neck 1998 (in press).

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Muñoz A Ramos A : Laryngeal carcinoma: Sclerotic appearance of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage-CT-pathologic correlation. Radiology 189: 433–437, 1993.

Castelijns JA van den Brekel MWM : Laryngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy: Correlation of abnormal MR imaging signal patterns in laryngeal cartilage with the risk of recurrence. Radiology 198: 151–155, 1996.

Mukherji SK Holliday RA : Upper aerodigestive tract: Pharynx. In: Som PD Curtin HD (ed): Head and neck imaging. 3rd ed. Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis 1996: 435–472.

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Casselman JW : The value of MRI in the diagnosis and staging of nasopharynx tumors. J Beige Radiol 77: 67–71, 1994.

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Valavanis A : Interventional Neuroradiology for Head and Neck Surgery. In: Cummings CW Fredrickson JM (eds): Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis 1990: 206.

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Yousem DM Hatabu H : Carotid artery invasion by head and neck masses: Prediction with MR imaging. Radiology 195: 715, 1995.

Mukherji SK Mancuso AA : Radiographic appearance of the irradiated larynx. Part I: Expected changes. Radiology 193: 141–148, 1994.

Mukherji SK Mancuso AA : Radiographic appearance of the irradiated larynx. Part II: Primary site response. Radiology 193: 149–154, 1994.

Pameijer FA Hermans R : Post Radiotherapy Surveillance In Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer. Accepted by International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics.

Hermans R Pameijer FA : Computed Tomography findings in Chondronecrosis of the Larynx. Accepted by The American Journal of Neuroradiology.

Greven KM Williams DW : Positron Emission tomography of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Before and After High-Dose Irradiation. Cancer 74: 1355–1359, 1994.

Pameijer FA Mancuso AA Mendenhall WN Parsons JT Kubilis PS . Can pretreatment computed tomography predict local control in T3 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive radiotherapy? International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Phys 37: 1011–1021, 1997.

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