AdlerCHZimmermanRASavinoPJ: Hemifacial spasm: Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance tomographic angiography. An Neurol32: 502–506, 1992.
2.
AlbaneseAColosimoCCarrettaD: Botulinum toxin as a treatment for blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis and hemifacial spasm. Eur Neurol32:112–117, 1992.
3.
AltmörsNKarsZCepogluC: Rare causes of hemifacial spasm. Report of two cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg93–2:155–158, 1991.
4.
AugerRGPiepgrasDGLawsER: Hemifacial spasm: Results of microvascular decompression of the facial nerve in 54 patients. Mayo Clin Proc61:640–644, 1986.
5.
BergsneiderMBeckerDP: Vascular compression syndrome of the vestibular nerve: A critical analysis. Otolaryngol Head neck Surg112:118–124, 1995.
6.
BernardiBZimmermannRASavinoPJ: Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography in the investigation of hemifacial spasm. Neuroradiology35:606–611, 1993.
7.
BillsDCHaniehA: Hemifacial spasm in an infant due to fourth ventricular genglioglioma. J Neurosurg75: 134–137, 1991.
8.
BlevinsNHJacklerRK: Exposure of the lateral extremity of the internal auditory canal through the retrosigmoid approach: A radioanatomic study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg111:81–90, 1994.
9.
BorodicGECheneyMMcKennaM: Contralateral injections of botulinum A toxin for the treatment of hemifacial spasm to achieve increased facial symmetry. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery90:972–977, 1992.
10.
CarlosRFukuiMHasuoK: Radiological analysis of hemifacial spasm with special reference to angiographic manifestations. Neuroradiology28:228–295, 1986.
11.
CasselmanJWKuhweideRDeimlingM: Constructive interference in steady state-3DFT MR imaging of the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle. Am J Neuroradiol14: 47–57, 1993.
12.
CasselmanJWKuhweideRDehaeneI: Magnetic resonance examination of the inner ear and cerebellopontine angle in patients with vertigo and/or abnormal findings at vestibular testing. Acta Laryngol (Stockh)suppl513:15–27, 1994.
13.
CoadJEWirtschafferDHainesSJ: Familial hemifacial spasm associated with arterial compression of the facial nerve. J Neurosurg74:290–296, 1991.
GirardNPoncetMTallonY: Neurovascular conflict of the CP angle: 3D-FT high definition MR analysis. Rivista di Neuroradiologia7:485–490, 1994.
22.
GirardNRaybaudCPoncetM: 3 DFT of the facial nerve. Neuroradiology, in press.
23.
GrigoryanYADrevalONMichailovaSI: Painful tic convulsif caused by a contralateral vertebral artery. Surg Neurol35: 471–474, 1991.
24.
HarperCM: Hemifacial spasm: Preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative managemetn. Muscle and Nerve14: 213–318, 1991.
25.
HarshGRIVWilsonCBHieshimaGB: Magnetic resonance imaging of vertebrobasilar ectasia in tic convulsif. J Neurosurg74:999–1003, 1991.
26.
HigashiSYamashitaJYamamotoY: Hemifacial spasm associated with a cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst in a young adult. Surg Neurol37:289–292, 1992.
27.
HoldsJBWhiteGLThieseSM: Facial dystonia, essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. AFP43:2213–2120, 1991.
28.
HonigLSWassersteinPHAdornatoBT: Tonic spasm in multiple sclerosis. The Western Journal of Medecine154:723–726, 1991.
29.
HuangC-IChenI-HLeeL-S: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: Analyses of operative findings and results in 310 patients. Neurosurgery30:53–57, 1992.
JannettaPJAbbasyMMaroonJC: Etiology and definitive microsurgical treatment of hemifacial spasm. Operative techniques and results in 47 patients. J Neurosurg47:321–328, 1977.
32.
JannettaPJ: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. In: The facial nerve, Mark May, Thieme Inc, New York1986: 499–508.
33.
JhoHDJannettaPJ: Hemifacial spasm in youg people trated with microvascular decompression of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery20:767–770, 1987.
34.
KimYTanakaAKimuraM: Arteriovenous malformation in the cerebellopontine angle presenting as hemifacial spasm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)31:109–112, 1991.
MagnanJChaysALepetreC: Surgical perspectives of endoscopy of the cerebellopontine angle. The American Journal of Otology15:366–370, 1994.
37.
MarionDWJannettaPJ: Use of periperative steroids with microvascular decompression operations. Neurosurgery22: 353–357, 1988.
38.
MartinelliPGiulaniSIppolitiM: Hemifacial spasm due to peripheral injury of facial nerve: A nuclear syndrome?Movement Disorders7:181–184, 1992.
39.
MatsumotoKSaijoTKuyamaH: Hemifacial spasm caused by a spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Case report. J Neurosurg74:650–652, 1991.
40.
MeaneyJFMMilesJBNixonTF: Vascular contact with the fifth cranial nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: Detection with 3D FISP imaging. AJR163: 1447–1452, 1994.
41.
MilaniNScaioliVGiombiniS: Hemifacial spasm in a child. Child's Nerv Syst7:466–468, 1991.
MollerMBMollerARJannettaPJ: Vascular decompression surgery for severe tinnitus: Selection criteria and results. Laryngoscope, 103:421–427, 1993.
44.
MurphyTP: Macrovascular sensorineural hearing loss. The American Journal of Otology12:88–92, 1991.
45.
NagahiroSTakadaAMatsukadoY: Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Patterns of vascular compression in unsuccessfully operated patients. J Neurosurg75: 388–392, 1991.
46.
NagataSFujiiKNomuraT: Hemifacial spasm caused by CP angle AVM associated with ruptured aneurysm in the feeding artery. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)31: 406–409, 1991.
47.
NagataSMatsushimaTFujiiK: Hemifacial spasm due to tumor, aneurysm, or arteriovenous malformation. Surg Neurol38:204–209, 1992.
48.
NielsenVK: Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: I. Ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. Neurology34: 418–426, 1984.
49.
NielsenVK: Electrophysiology of hemifacial spasm: In: The facial nerve, Mark May, Thieme Inc, New York1986:487–497.
50.
OashiNYasumuraSMizukoshiK: Involvement of the VIIIth cranial nerve and the brainstem in patients with hemifacial spasm. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)111: 1060–1064, 1991.
51.
PoungvarinNViriyavejakulA: Two hundred and fifty patients with hemifacial spasm treated xwith botulinum toxin injection. J Med Assoc Thai75:199–203, 1992.
52.
RaybaudCGirardNPoncetM: Current imaging of vaso-nervous conflicts of the cerebellopontine angle. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol116:99–103, 1995.
53.
ShahMRossJSTkachJ: 3D MPRAGE evaluation of the internal auditory canals. J Comput Assist Tomogr17:442–445, 1993.
54.
SindouMFobeJLCirianoD: Hearing prognosis and intraoperative guidance of brainstem auditory evoked potential in microvascular decompression. Laryngoscope102: 678–682, 1992.
55.
SobelDNormanDYorkeCH: Radiography of trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. AJR135:93–95, 1980.
56.
SprikCWirtschafferJD: Hemifacial spasm due to intracranial tumor. An international survey of botulinum toxin investigators. Ophtalmology95:1042–1045, 1988.
57.
TakamiyaYToyaSKawaseT: Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system. Surg Neurol24:559–562, 1985.
58.
TashRRKierLChyatteD: Hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebral artery: MR demonstration. J Comput Assist Tomogr12:492–494.
59.
TashRDeMerrittJSzeG: Hemifacial spasm: MR imaging features. Am J Neuroradiol12:839–842, 1991.
TaylorJDNKraftSPKazdanMS: Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: A Canadian multicentre study, Can J Ophtalmol26: 133–138, 1991.
62.
TelishiFFGrobmanLRSheremataWA: Hemifacial spasm. Occurrence in multiple sclerosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg117:554–556, 1991.
63.
TienRDWilkinsRH: MRA delineation of the vertebral-basilar system in patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. Am J Neuroradiol14:34–36, 1993.
64.
TsuyumuMSciDMKohmoY: Painful tic convulsif: Case report. Surg Neurol36:310–313, 1991.
65.
UshiroKYanagidaMKumazawaT: MR imaging of vascular compression in hemifacial spasm. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)suppl.500:54–57, 1993.
66.
WestraIDrummondGT: Occult pontine glioma in a patient with hemifacial spasm. Can J Ophtalmol26:148–151, 1991.
67.
WilkinsRH: Hemifacial spasm: A review. Surg Neurol36:251–277, 1991.
68.
WirtschafferJD: Clinical doxorubicin chemomyectomy. An experimental treatment for benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Ophtalmology98:357–366, 1991.
69.
YoshimuraDMAminoffMJTamiTA: Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin. Mucle and Nerve15: 1045–1049, 1992.
70.
YooTJShulmanABrummetRE: Specific etiologies of tinnitus. In: Tinnitus. Diagnosis/treatment. ShulmanAAranJMFeldmanHTonndorfJVernonJA, eds. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991, 342–415.