Negli ultimi anni il notevole perfezionamento delle strumentazioni endoscopiche ha favorito la sempre maggiore diffusione della terzo-ventricolostomia endoscopica.
Inizialmente la terzoventricolostomia fu proposta per i pazienti con stenosi dell'acquedotto di origine non tumorale e, più recentemente, le indicazioni sono state allargate anche all'idrocefalo tetraventricolare, alle forme secondarie a tumori del tronco, della regione pineale e della fossa posteriore e all'idrocefalo associato a mielomeningocele. L'idrocefalo post-meningitico e quello secondario a pregressa emorragia subaracnoidea rappresentano indicazioni controverse poiché spesso il processo infiammatorio più o meno diffuso degli spazi subaracnoidei basali impedisce una buona funzionalità della stomia.
La risonanza magnetica deve essere considerato l'esame di elezione, indispensabile nella valutazione preoperatoria. Essa permette di definire il tipo e l'entità dell'idrocefalo, l'anatomia del 3° ventricolo e delle cisterne basali e la presenza eventuale di una stenosi a livello dell'acquedotto. L'idrocefalo da stenosi dell'acquedotto è la forma che dà i migliori risultati, con percentuale di successo superiore al 90%.
BarlovPChingHS: An economic argument in favour of endoscopic third ventriculostomy as a treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. Minim Invas Neurosurg40: 37–39. 1997.
2.
CondonBRPattersonJ: A quantitative index of ventricular and extraventricular CSF volumes using MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr10: 784–792, 1986.
3.
DandyWE: An operative procedure for hydrocephalus. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp33: 189–190, 1922.
4.
DandyWE: Diagnosis and treatment of structure of the aqueduct of Sylvius (causing hydrocephalus). Arch Surg51: 1–14, 1945.
5.
DecqPHYepesC: L'endoscopie neurochirurgicale. Indications diagnostiques et therapeutiques. Neurochirurgie14: 313–321, 1994.
6.
EckleGZeilingerF ChMeierU: Endoscopic ventriculostomy versus shunt operation in normal pressure hydrocephalus. 4th Intern. Congress of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. Minim Invas Neurosurgery42: 101, 1999 (abstract).
7.
FukushimaTIshijimaB: Ventriculofiberscope: A new technique for endoscopic diagnosis and operation. Technical note. J Neurosurg38: 251–256, 1973.
8.
GangemiMDonatiP: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus. Minim Invas Neurosurg42: 1–5, 1999.
9.
GrifflthHB: Technique of fontanelle and persutural ventriculoscopy and endoscopic ventricular surgery in infants. Childs Brain1: 359–363, 1975.
10.
GuiotG: Ventriculo-cisternostomy for stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Acta Neurochir28: 274–289, 1973.
11.
GuiotODeromeP: Ventriculo-cisternostomie sous controle radioscopique pour l'hydrocephalie obstructive. Presse Med40: 1923–1926, 1968.
12.
HandlerMHAbbottRLeeM: A near fatal complication of endoscopic third ventriculostomy: Case report. Neurosurgery35: 525–527, 1994.
13.
HayashiNEndoS: Role of preoperative midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging in endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Minim lnvas Neurosurg42: 79–82, 1999.
14.
HeilmanCBCohenAR: Endoscopic ventricular fenestration using a “saline torch”. J Neurosurg74: 224–229, 1991.
15.
HoffmanHJHarwood-NashDGildayDL: Percutaneous third ventriculoscopy in the managemeni of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery7: 313–321, 1980.
16.
JackCRJrKellyPJ: Stereotactic third ventriculostomy Assessment of patency with MR imagery. Am J Neuroradiol10: 515–522, 1989.
17.
JonesRFKwockBC: Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy. A practical alternative to extracranial shunts in non-communicating hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir61: 79–83, 1994.
18.
JonesRFKwockBC: The current status of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of non-communicating hydrocephalus. Minim lnvas Neurosurg37: 28–36, 1994.
19.
JonesRFKwockBC: Third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus associated with spinal dysraphism: Indications and controindications. Eur J Pediatr Surg6 (suppl 1): 5–6, 1996.
20.
JonesRFCSteningWABrydonM: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Neurosurgery26: 86–92, 1990.
21.
JonesRFCSteningWA: Third ventriculostomy for shunt infections in children. Neurosurgery32: 855–860, 1993.
22.
JonesRFCTeoC: Neuroendoscopic Third Ventriculostomy. In: ManwaringKHCroneKR, (eds): Neuroendoscopy. Mary Ann Liebert Inc Publ, New York1992: Chap 7; 63–77.
23.
KellyPJ: Stereotactic third ventriculostomy in patients with nontumoral adolescent/adult onset aqueductal stenosis and symptomatic hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg75: 865–873, 1991.
24.
KunzKGoldmanA: Endoscopic fenestration of the third ventricular floor in aqueductal stenosis. Minim Invas Neurosurg37: 42–47, 1994.
25.
LevtS: Functional analysis of third ventriculostomy patency with phase-contrast MRI velocity measurements. Neuroradiology39: 175–179, 1997.
26.
Mc LanghlinMRWahligJB: Traumatic basilar aneurysm after endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Case report. Neurosurgery41: 1400–1407, 1997.
27.
MixterWJ: Ventriculoscopy and puncture of the floor of the third ventricle. Boston Med Surg J188: 277–278,
28.
MohantyK: Controlateral massive acute subdural collection after endoscopic third ventriculostomy. A case report. Minim Invas Neurosurg38: 158–162, 1995.
29.
NitzWRBradleyW: Flow dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid: Assessment with phase-contrast velocity MR imaging performed with retrospective cardiac grating. Radiology183: 395–405, 1992.
30.
OkaKGoY: An observation of the third ventricle under flexible fiberoptic ventricoloscope: Normal structure. Surg Neurol40: 273–277, 1993.
31.
OkaKGoY: The radiographic restoration of the ventricular system after third ventriculostomy. Minim Invas Neurosurg38: 158–162, 1995.
32.
OkaKYamamotoM: Flexible endoneurosurgical therapy for aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery33: 236–243, 1993.
33.
RiegelTHellwigD: Management of third ventriculostomy in cases of thickened nontraslucent floor of the third ventricle. 4th International Congress of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. Minim lnvas Neurosurg42: 101, 1999 (abstract).
34.
Sainte-RoseC: Third ventriculostomy. In: ManwaringKHCroneKR, (eds): Neuroendoscopy, vol 1, Mary Ann Liebert Publ, New York1992: Chap 6, 47–62.
35.
SchwartzTRYoonSS: Third ventriculostomy: Postoperative ventricular size and outcome. Minim Invas Neurosurg39: 122–129, 1996.
36.
ScarffJE: Evaluation of treatment of hydrocephalus: Report of third ventriculostomy and endoscopic cauterization of choroid plexus compared with mechanical shunts. Arch Neurol382–391, 1966.
37.
Souto-FerroJMValero-CastellR: Postoperative respiratory alkalosis as a complication of neuroendoscopy. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim44: 83–85, 1997.
38.
TeoC: Endoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus. In: KingWFrazeeJDe SaIlesA, (eds): Endoscopy of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. Thieme, New York-Stuttgart1998: Chap 6, 59–67.
39.
TeoCJonesRFC: Management of hydrocephalus by endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with myelomeningocele. Pediatr Neurosurg25: 57–63, 1996.
40.
TeoCRothmanS: Complications of endoscopic neurosurgery. Child's Nerv Syst12: 248–253, 1996.
41.
VandertopWPVendaasdonkRMVan SwolCF: Laser-assisted neuroendoscopy using a Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum garnet or diode contact laser with pretreated fiber tips. J. Neurosurg88: 82–92, 1998.
42.
VinasFCDujovnyNDujovnyM: Microanatomical basis for the third ventriculostomy. Minim lnvas Neurosurg39: 116–121, 1996.
43.
VriesJ: An endoscopic technique for third ventriculostomy. Surg Neurol9: 165–168, 1978.
44.
WilbergerJEJrVertosickFTJrVriesJK: Unilateral hydrocephalus secondary to congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro. J Neurosurg59: 899–901, 1983.
45.
WilcockDJ: CSF flow through third ventriculostomy demonstrated with colour Doppler ultrasonography. Clin Radiol51: 127–129, 1996.
46.
WilliamsEMGalbraithJGDuncanCC: Neuroendoscopic laser-assisted ventriculostomy of the third ventricle. AORNJ61: 345–348, 1995.
47.
WoodFA: Endoscopic laser third ventriculostomy (letter). N Engl J Med329: 207–208, 1993.
