The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivity of Amomum biflorum Jack harvested in the region of Petchaboon, Thailand. The essential oil of the fresh whole plant obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) (Kovats index) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The average yield of essential oil of A. biflorum was 0.21 ± 0.05 % (w/w). The major chemical constituents were camphor (17.6 %), α-bisabolol (16.0 %), camphene (8.2 %) and α-humulene (5.1 %). The essential oil was active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 30 μ/mL) and had an antioxidant activity with an ORAC index of 23 ± 5 μmol Trolox/mg.
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