Extracts from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea were subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation using growth inhibitory effects against Entamoeba histolytica. The n-hexane soluble portion of the chloroform extract showed in vitro antiamoebic activity against the HK-9 strain of Entamoeba histolytica. Chromatographic separation of the chloroform extract afforded the known compound, procesterol, which showed activity against E. histolytica.
LampKC, FreemanCD, KlutmanNE, LacyMK. (1999) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nitroimidazole antimicrobials. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 36, 353–373;
2.
WassmannCA, HellbergA, TannichE, BruchhausI. (1999) Metronidazole resistance in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is associated with increased expression of iron-containing superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin and decreased expression of ferredoxin 1 and flavin reductase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 37, 26051–26056;
3.
TownsonSM, BorehamPFL, UpcroftP, UpcroftJA. (1994) Resistance to the nitroheterocyclic drugs. Acta Tropica, 56, 173–194.
4.
SharmaP, SharmaJD. (2001) A review of plant species assessed in vitro for antiamoebic activity or both antimoebic and antiplasmodial properties. Phytotherapy Research, 15, 1–17;
5.
SinghS, BhartiN, MohapatraPP. (2009) Chemistry and biology of synthetic and naturally occurring antiamoebic agents. Chemical Reviews, 109, 1900–1947.
6.
BhartiN, SinghS, NaqviF, AzamA. (2006) Isolation and in vitro antiamoebic activity of iridoids isolated from Kigelia pinnata. Arkivoc, x, 69–76;
7.
CalzadaF, BarbosaE, Cedillo-RiveraR. (2003) Antiamoebic activity of benzyl glucosinolate from Lepidium virginicum. Phytotheraphy Research, 17, 618–619;
8.
CimangaRK, KambuK, TonaL, HermansN, ApersS, TottePL, VlietinckAJ. (2006) Cytotoxicity and in vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica to Morinda morindoides leaf extracts and its isolated constituents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107, 83–90.
9.
HillEG, SirkarAP. (1915) The root bark of Calotropis gigantea. Journal of the Chemical Society, 1437–1442;
10.
BalakrishnanKJ, MurthiRBP, SeshadriTR. (1946) Chemical composition of Calotropis gigantea. Part IV. The resinols of the root bark Proceedings of Indian Academy of Science, 22A, 138–142;
11.
AnjaneyuluV, RowLR. (1968) The triterpenes of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Current Science, 37, 156–157.
12.
KhanAQ, MalikA. (1989) A steroid from Calotropis procera. Phytochemistry, 28, 2859–2861;
13.
SantosC, CostaD, LimaMAS, SilveiraER. (2003) Micromolecular secondary metabolites of Erythroxylum barbatum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 661–664;
14.
TapondjouLA, Mitaine-OfferAC, SautourM, MiyamotoT, Lacaille-DuboisMA. (2005) Sphingolipids and other constituents from Cordia platythyrsa. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33, 1293–1297.
15.
DiamondLS, HarlowDR, CunnickCC. (1978) A new medium for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other Entamoeba. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 72, 431–432;
16.
GillinFD, ReinerM, SuffnessDS. (1982) Bruceantin, a potent amoebicide from a plant, Brucea antidysenterica. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotheraphy, 22, 342–345;
17.
KeenAT, HarrisA, PhillipsonJD, WarhurstDC. (1986) In vitro amoebicidal testing of natural products; part I. Methodology Planta Medica, 52, 278–285;
18.
WrightCW, O'NeillMJ, PhillipsonJD, WarhurstDC. (1988) Use of microdilution to assess in vitro antiamoebic activities of Brucea javanica fruits, Simarouba amara stem, and a number of quassinoids. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 32, 1725–1729.