The essential oil from the stem bark and leaves of Dennettia tripetala Bak. f. (Annonaceae) growing wild in Ondo State, Nigeria, has been characterized by combined gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) analyses. Overall, thirty-six components have been fully identified, thirty-two in the stem-bark oil, and only seven in the leaf oil. In both oils, 2-phenylnitroethane was the main component, ranging between 70 – 76% of the total oils. The profile of the stem bark oil was characterized by a large number of sesquiterpenes, whereas among the few components in the leaf oil, linalool reaches over 17%. When both oils were assayed for antimicrobial activity, only Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to the stem-bark oil which was more active than leaf oil. For protective effects against UV radiation–induced peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, stem-bark oil also showed greater effectiveness. Activity of the leaf oil against Trichomonas gallinae, was also remarkable.
BurkillHM. (1985) The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa (Families A-D). Vol. 1, Royal Botanic Gardens, London, 110–111.
2.
OsisioguIUW, AgbakwuruEOP. (1975) Essential oils of Nigeria. Part III. Essential oil of Dennettia tripetala. Planta Medica, 27, 287–289.
3.
AgbakwuruEOP, OsisioguIUW, RuckerG. (1979) Constituents of the essential oil of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy, 10, 203–205.
4.
EkundayoO. (1989) A review of the volatiles of the Annonaceae. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1, 223–245.
5.
AdeotiSB, AyedounMA, LeclercqPA. (2000) Essential oil Dennettia tripetala leaves from Benin. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12, 412–414.
6.
MookherjeeBD, TrenkleRW, WilsonRA. (1990) The chemistry of flowers, fruits and spices: live vs. dead a new dimension in fragrance research. Pure & Applied Chemistry, 62, 1357–1364.
7.
StashenkoEE, Quiroz PradaN, MartìnezJR. (1996) HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained with different extraction techniques. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 19, 353–358.
8.
HanawaF, TaharaS, TowersGHN. (2000) Antifungal nitro compounds from skunk cabbage (Lysichitum americanum) leaves treated with cupric chloride. Phytochemistry, 53, 55–58.
9.
WinklerR, HertweckC. (2007) Biosynthesis of nitro compounds. ChemBioChem, 8, 973–977.
10.
RiosJL, WatermanPG. (1997) A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus. Phytotherapy Research, 11, 411–418.
11.
LaleNES. (1992) A laboratory study of the comparative toxicity of products from three spices to the maize weevil. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2, 61–64.
12.
EgwunyengaOA, AloEB, NmorsiOPG. (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the repellency of Dennettia tripetala Baker (Annonaceae) to Dermestes maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 34, 195–199.
13.
PålssonK, JaensonTGT. (1999) Plant products used as mosquito repellents in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Acta Tropica, 72, 39–52.
14.
IwualaMOE, OsisioguIUW, AgbakwuruEOP. (1981) Dennettia oil, a potential new insecticide: tests with adults and nymphs of Periplaneta americana and Zonocerus variegatus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 74, 249–252.
15.
HwangYS, SheffrahnRH, ShultzGW, ReiersonDA, DarwazehHA, RustMK. (1983) Is β-phenylnitroethane the active principle of dennettia oil?Journal of Economic Entomology, 76, 427–428.
16.
AjaiyeobaEO, EkundayoO, OkogunJI, RhamanAU, ChoudharyMI. (1999) Synthesis and antifungal activities of 2-phenylnitroethane; a component of Dennettia tripetala fruits and nitrovinyl derivatives. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 4, 47–52.
17.
LiuY, ZhangS, AbreuPJM. (2006) Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrrolo-terpenoids. Natural Product Reports, 23, 630–651.
18.
JulianiHRJr, BiurrunF, KorochAR, OlivaMM, DemoMS, TrippiVS, ZygadloJA. (2002) Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lantana xenica. Planta Medica, 68, 762–764.
19.
RiosJL, RecioMC. (2005) Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100, 80–84.
20.
SaijaA, TomainoA, Lo CascioR, TrombettaD, ProteggenteA, De PasqualeA, UccellaN, BoninaF. (1999) Ferulic and caffeic acids as potential protective agents against photooxidative skin damage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 79, 476–480.
21.
AdewunmiCO, AgbedahunsiJM, AdebajoCA, AladesanmiAJ, MurphyN, WandoJ. (2001) Ethnoveterinary medicine: screening of Nigerian medicinal plants for trypanocidal properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77, 19–24.
22.
AdebajoAC, OlayiwolaG, VerspohlEJ, IwalewaEO, OmisoreNOA, BergenthalD, KumarV, AdesinaSK. (2004) Evaluation of the ethnomedical claims of Murraya koenigii. Pharmaceutical Biology, 42, 610–620.
23.
OmisoreNOA, AdewunmiCO, IwalewaEO, NgadjuiBT, AdenowoTK, AbegazBM, OjewoleJA, WatchuengJ. (2005) Antitrichomonal and antioxidant activities of Dorstenia barteri and Dorstenia convexa. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biolological Research, 38, 1087–1094.
24.
AdamsRP. (2001) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatographic/Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL.
25.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, M100-S17. Performance standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing; Seventeen Informational Supplement Clinical laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, 2007.
26.
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, M27-A2. Reference Method for broth dilution susceptibility testing for yeast. Approved standard, 2nd ed., Wayne, PA, 2002.
27.
BoeckWC, DrbolavJ. (1925) Laboratory culture of protozoal parasites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11, 235–238.
28.
LevineND. (1961) Laboratory diagnosis of protozoan parasites of domestic animals and man. Burgess Publishing Co.Minneapolis, 377–393.
29.
MeingasserJG, ThurnerJ. (1979) Strains of Trichomonas vaginalis resistant to metronidazole and other 5-nitronidazole. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 15, 254–257.
