Functional and electrophysiological outcomes following surgical treatment of cubitus varus associated with tardy ulnar nerve palsy: A case series

Abstract

Introduction

Cubitus varus deformity, a common late complication of pediatric supracondylar fractures, is often viewed as cosmetic but can lead to functional issues such as tardy ulnar nerve palsy (TUNP). While both conditions have been studied individually, the literature addressing their coexistence and the optimal surgical approach is limited.

Method

This study investigates functional and electrophysiological outcomes in patients with concurrent cubitus varus and TUNP who underwent tailored surgical treatment. Eighteen patients were included, treated with combinations of corrective osteotomy and ulnar nerve decompression based on deformity severity and nerve involvement. Outcomes were assessed using DASH scores, McGowan grading, nerve conduction studies, and the Modified Oppenheim Grading System.

Results

Postoperatively, significant improvements were observed in functional status, nerve conduction velocity, and sensory latency (p < 0.05). Most patients achieved excellent or good outcomes without major complications. Our results highlight the therapeutic value of individualized surgical planning that addresses both structural deformity and nerve compression, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is among the few studies to comprehensively evaluate clinical, functional, and electrophysiological outcomes in this specific patient group. These findings support the role of combined approaches in improving patient outcomes and provide a framework for future studies on this complex yet underrecognized clinical scenario.