To critically analyse theories of friendship through privileging research on the experience of friendship among those who have experienced mental ill-health. To inform public health approaches that aim to facilitate friendship and assist those experiencing mental ill-health.
Method:
A selective, iterative, purposive review of theoretical and empirical studies, within a critical realist epistemology, is undertaken to provide an analysis.
Results:
Existing theories – exchange and equity, capital, identity, and attachment – all provide some insight into friendship when encountering mental ill-health. However, recognition theory is found to best capture and explain the experience.
Conclusion:
Recognition theory forms a substantial theoretical foundation for public health initiatives that address friendship and mental ill-health. Friendship can contribute to public mental health, and suggestions are made to give friendship itself recognition within public health frameworks.
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