Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease currently affecting a large number of individuals across the world. Historically thought of as an older male disease, the prevalence in women is rising. Patients with COPD primarily suffer from dyspnea, decreased exercise capacity, and chronic cough, which are due to progressive airflow limitation. Although typically considered a respiratory disorder, COPD differs from asthma both in pathophysiology and treatment. The airway obstruction commonly encountered in COPD results from multiple pathophysiologic processes, some of which may be preventable and modifiable. The mainstays of treatment are bronchodilators, and as lung function declines, the importance of including lifestyle modifications becomes even more essential. National and international guidelines direct treatment and diagnosis and attempt to increase awareness and education on the proper care of patients with COPD.