Sleep disturbances are a common problem, with chronic insomnia occurring in 10% of the general
adult population and obstructive sleep apnea present in 4% and 2% of middle-aged men and women,
respectively. In addition, Americans are sleeping fewer hours per night than they did 20 years ago.
There is now increasing evidence that reductions and increases in sleep duration, as well as various
sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, may be causal factors in the
development of cardiovascular disease. Some of the evidence linking disturbances of sleep with
cardiovascular disease is described in this review.
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