This review discusses evidence-based perspectives on lifestyle risk reduction for men. Implications for clinical best practices and social policy are considered. Directions for future research also are highlighted.
Courtenay W.Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50:1385-1401.
2.
Courtenay W.Engendering health: a social constructionist examination of men's health beliefs and behaviors. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2000 ;1:4-15.
3.
Courtenay W. , McCreary D., Merighi J.Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors. J Health Psychol. 2002;7:219-231.
4.
Garfield C., Isacco A., Rogers T.A review of men's health and masculinity. Am J Lifestyle Med. 0000;00:000-000.
5.
Gough B.Try to be healthy, but don't forgo your masculinity: deconstructing men's health discourse in the media. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63:2476-2488.
6.
Addis M., Cohane G.Social scientific paradigms of masculinity and their implications for research and practice in men's mental health. J Clin Psychol . 2005;61:633-647.
7.
Addis M., Mahalik J.Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. Am Psychol . 2003;58:5-14.
8.
Allen J., Kennedy M., Wilson-Glover A., Gilligan T.African-American men's perceptions about prostate cancer: implications for designing educational interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64:2189-2200.
9.
Barsky A., Peekna H., Borus J.Somatic symptom reporting in women and men. J Gen Intern Med . 2001;16:266-275.
10.
Bruch M.Cognitive bias in men's processing of negative social information: the role of social anxiety, toughness as a masculine role norm, and their interaction . Cogn Ther Res. 2007;30:273-289.
11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Men's health. www.cdc.gov. Accessed April 18, 2008.
12.
Crawford B. , Meana M., Stewart D., Cheung A.Treatment decision making in mature adults: gender differences. Health Care Women Int. 2000;21:91-104.
13.
Cronholm P.Intimate partner violence and men's health . Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2006;33:199-209.
14.
Dolan A. "That's just the cesspool where they dump all the trash": exploring working class men's perceptions and experiences of social capital and health . Health (London). 2007;11:475-495.
15.
Dudgeon M., Inhorn M.Men's influences on women's reproductive health: medical anthropological perspectives . Soc Sci Med. 2004;59:1379-1395.
16.
Dutta M., Boyd J.Turning "smoking man" images around: portrayals of smoking in men's magazines as a blueprint for smoking cessation campaigns. Health Commun . 2007;22:253-263.
17.
Eckert J., Rubinstein R.Older men's health: sociocultural and ecological perspectives. Med Clin North Am. 1999;83:1151-1172.
18.
Evans R., Brotherstone H., Miles A., Wardle J.Gender differences in early detection of cancer. J Mens Health Gend. 2005;2:209-217.
19.
Felix-Aaron K., Moy E., Kang M., et al. Variation in quality of men's health care by race/ethnicity and social class. Med Care. 2005;43(3 suppl):172-181.
20.
Fillingim R.Sex-related influences on pain: a review of mechanisms and clinical implications. Rehabil Psychol. 2003;48:165-174.
21.
Fontanarosa P., Cole H.Improving men's health evidence and opportunity . JAMA. 2006;296:2373-2375.
22.
Forrest K.Men's reproductive and sexual health. J Am College Health . 2001;49: 253-266.
23.
Gaiter J., Potter R., O'Leary A.Disproportionate rates of incarceration contribute to health disparities . Am J Public Health. 2006;96:7.
24.
Galdas P., Cheater F., Marshall P.What is the role of masculinity in white and South Asian men's decisions to seek medical help for cardiac chest pain? J Health Serv Res Policy. 2007;12:223-229.
25.
Galdas P., Cheater F., Marshall P.Men and help-seeking behavior: literature review. J Adv Nurs . 2005;49:616-623.
26.
Gattellari M., Ward J.Measuring men's preferences for involvement in medical care: getting the question right. J Eval Clin Pract . 2005;11:237-246.
27.
Good G., Heppner P., DeBord K., Fischer A.Understanding men's psychological distress: contributions of problem-solving appraisal and masculine role conflict. Psychol Men Masculinity . 2004;5:168-177.
28.
Hall R.Promoting men's health. Aust Fam Physician. 2003;32:401-407.
29.
Helgeson V.Gender-related traits and health. In: Suls J, Wallston K, ed. Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness. Malden, MA: Blackwell;2003:367-394.
30.
Holmes W., Foa E., Sammel M.Men's pathways to risky sexual behavior: role of co-occurring childhood sexual abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression histories. J Urban Health. 2005;82(suppl 1):i89-i99.
31.
Jarrett N., Adeyemi S.Baltimore men's health center builds healthy families one man at a time. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:1147-1148.
32.
Jimbo M.Organizing preventive health care in men. Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2006;33:237-246.
33.
Johnson N.Psychology and health: research, practice, and policy. Am Psychol. 2003;58:670-677.
34.
Kalmuss D., Tatum C.Patterns of men's use of sexual and reproductive health services. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2007;39:74-81.
35.
Keeton C.Changing men's behaviour can improve women's health. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:505-506.
36.
Kierans C., Robertson S., Mair M.Formal health services in informal settings: findings from the Preston Men's Health Project. J Mens Health Gend. 2007;4:440-447.
37.
Kirby R., Kirby M.The urologist as an advocate of men's health: 10 suggested steps toward helping patients achieve better overall health. Urology. 2005;66 (suppl 5A):52-56.
Kroenke K., Spitzer R.Gender differences in the reporting of physical and somatoform symptoms . Psychosom Med. 1998;60:150-155.
40.
Mahalik J., Burns S., Syzdek M.Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men's health behaviors. Soc Sci Med. 2007 ;64:2201-2209.
41.
Mahlik J., Good G., Englar-Carlson M.Masculinity scripts, presenting concerns, and help seeking: implications for practice and training. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2003;34:123-131.
42.
Mahalik J., Levi-Menzi M., Walker G.Masculinity and health behaviors in Australian men. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2007;8:240-249.
43.
McKelley R. , Rochlen A.The practice of coaching: exploring alternatives to therapy for counseling-resistant men. Psychol Men Masculinity . 2007;8:53-65.
44.
McVittie C. , Willock J. "You can't fight windmills": how older men do health, ill health, and masculinities. Qual Health Res . 2006;16:788-801.
45.
Meador M., Linnan L.Using the PRECEDE model to plan men's health programs in a managed care setting . Health Promot Pract. 2006;7:186-196.
46.
Pederson E. , Vogel D.Male gender role conflict and willingness to seek counseling: testing a mediation model on college-aged men. J Couns Psych. 2007;54:373-384.
47.
Plumb J., Brawer R.The social and behavioral foundations of men's health-a public health perspective . Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2006;33:17-34.
48.
Rai T., Clements A., Bukach C., et al. What influences men's decision to have a prostate-specific antigen test? A qualitative study. Fam Pract. 2007 ;24:365-371.
49.
Rochlen A., McKelley R., Pituch K.A preliminary examination of the "Real Men, Real Depression" campaign . Psychol Men Masculinity. 2006;7:1-13.
50.
Rochlen A., Whilde M., Hoyer W.The Real Men, Real Depression campaign: overview, theoretical implications, and research considerations. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2005;6:186-194.
51.
Schofield T. , Connell R., Walker L., et al. Understanding men's health and illness: a gender-relations approach to policy, research, and practice. J Am College Health. 2000;48:247-256.
52.
Shire N.Effects of race, ethnicity, gender, culture, literacy, and social marketing on public health. J Gend Specific Med. 2002 ;5:48-54.
53.
Smith J.Beyond masculine stereotypes: moving men's health promotion forward in Australia . Health Promot J Aust. 2007 ;18:20-25.
54.
Smith J., Braunack-Mayer A., Wittert G., Warin M. "I've been independent for so damn long!": independence, masculinity and aging in a help seeking context. J Aging Stud. 2007;21:325-335.
55.
Spear H., Kulbok P.Adolescent health behaviors and related factors: a review. Public Health Nurs. 2001;18:82-93.
56.
Stanton A., Revenson T.Adjustment to chronic disease: progress and promise in research. In: Friedman H, Cohen Silver R, ed. Foundations of Health Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press;2007:203-233.
57.
Terre L., Drabman R., Speer P.Health-relevant behaviors in media. J Appl Soc Psychol . 1991;21:1303-1319.
58.
Terre L.Developmental trends in health-related behaviors: implications for preventive interventions. Adv Med Psychother. 1993;6:151-162.
59.
Thompson E. , Buxton W., Gough P., Wahle C.Gendered policies and practices that increase older men's risk of elder mistreatment. J Elder Abuse Neglect . 2007;19: 129-151.
60.
Vogel D., Wade N., Hackler A.Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: the mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling. J Couns Psychol. 2007;54:40-50.
61.
Wardle J., Haase A., Steptoe A., et al. Gender differences in food choice: the contribution of health beliefs and dieting. Ann Behav Med. 2004;27:107-116.
62.
Hall J., Roter D.Physician-patient communication. In: Friedman H, Cohen Silver R, ed. Foundations of Health Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007 :325-357.
63.
Weinstein L. , Plumb J., Brawer R.Community engagement of men. Prim Care Clin Office Pract. 2006 ;33:247-259.
64.
Coffield A. , Maciosek M., McGinnis M., et al. Priorities among recommended clinical preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2001;21:1-9.
65.
Denny C., Serdula M., Holtzman D., et al. Physician advice about smoking and drinking: are US adults being informed? Am J Prev Med. 2003;24:71-74.
66.
Hofer T., Zemencuk J., Hayward R.When there is too much to do: how practicing physicians prioritize among recommended interventions. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:646-653.
67.
Terre L., Globe G., Pfefer M.How much health promotion and disease prevention is enough? J Chiro Ed. 2006;20:128-137.
68.
Yarnall K., Pollak K., Ostbye T., et al. Primary care: is there enough time for prevention? Am J Public Health. 2003;93: 635-641.
69.
Taubert K., Clark N., Smith R.Patient-centered prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2007;4:656-666.
70.
Williams G. , Lynch M., Glasgow R.Computer-assisted intervention improves patient-centered diabetes care by increasing autonomy support. Health Psychol . 2007;26:728-734.