Defined as the utilization of game elements in nongame environments, gamification has been frequently used in education in recent years. The aim of the present study is to summarize the studies previously conducted on the use of gamification in education through a systematic literature review. When the studies conducted in 2000–2021 were examined, four main dimensions came to the fore: (i) the aim of gamification studies, (ii) the learning fields where gamification studies were carried out, (iii) the level of education at which gamification studies were carried out, and (iv) how gamification was integrated into the learning environment. The results showed that gamification is used for various educational purposes, at many learning levels in various environments, and in a wide variety of learning fields. In most of the studies, the positive effects of gamification and its potential to solve problems in education were reported.
AkçapınarG.BilginÇ. U. (2020). The effect of gamified learning analytics dashboard on students’ engagement in an online learning environment. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(4), 1892–1901. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.740489
2.
AşıksoyG. (2018). The effects of the gamified flipped classroom environment (GFCE) on students’ motivation, learning achievements and perception in a physics course. Quality & Quantity, 52, 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0597-1
3.
Aleksić-MaslaćK.RašićM.VranešićP.(2018, May). Influence of gamification on student motivation in the educational process in courses of different fields. In 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 0783–0787). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO.2018.8400145
4.
Aleksic-MaslacK.SinkovicB.VranesicP. (2017). Influence of gamification on student engagement in education. International Journal of Education and Learning Systems, 2.
5.
AlomariI.Al-SamarraieH.YousefR. (2019). The role of gamification techniques in promoting student learning: A review and synthesis. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 18(8), 395–417. https://doi.org/10.28945/4417
6.
AnatolievnaK. S.AnatolievnaO. J. (2019). Using the elements of gamification on LMS MOODLE in the discipline of foreign language in a non-linguistic university. Балтийский гуманитарный журнал, 8(1 (26)), 237–240.
7.
AndriamiarisoaR. (2018). Impact of gamification on student engagement in graduate medical studies. Doctoral dissertation. Walden University.
8.
AntonaciA.KlemkeR.StrackeC. M.SpechtM. (2017, April). Gamification in MOOCs to enhance users’ goal achievement. In 2017 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 1654–1662). IEEE.
9.
AresA. M.BernalJ.NozalM. J.SánchezF. J.BernalJ.(2018, May). Results of the use of Kahoot! gamification tool in a course of Chemistry. In 4th international conference on higher education advances (HEAD’18) (pp. 1215–1222). Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. http://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd18.2018.8179
10.
AriesA.VionalV.SaraswatiL.WijayaL.IkhsanR. (2020). Gamification in learning process and its impact on entrepreneurial intention. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 763–768. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.021
11.
ArnoldB. J. (2014). Gamification in education. Proceedings of the American Society of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 21(1), 32–39.
BaiS.HewK. F.HuangB. (2020). Does gamification improve student learning outcome?Evidence from a meta-analysis and synthesis of qualitative data in educational contexts. Educational Research Review, 30, 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100322
14.
BakarN. F. A.YusofA. F.IahadN. A.AhmadN. (2018, August). The implementation of gamification in massive open online courses (MOOC) platform. In International Conference on User Science and Engineering (pp. 183–193). Springer.
15.
BarataG.GamaS.JorgeJ.GonçalvesD.(2013, October). Improving participation and learning with gamification. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on gameful design, research, and applications (pp. 10–17). https://doi.org/10.1145/2583008.2583010
16.
BechkoffJ. (2019). Gamification using a choose-your-own-adventure type platform to augment learning and facilitate student engagement in marketing education. Journal for advancement of Marketing Education, 27(1), 13–31.
17.
BegossoL. R.BegossoL. C.da CunhaD. S.PintoJ. V.LemosL.NunesM. (2018). The use of gamification for teaching algorithms. FedCSIS (Communication Papers), 17, 225–231. https://doi.org/10.15439/2018F165
18.
BernikA.RadoševićD.BubašG.(2017, May). Introducing gamification into e-learning university courses. In 2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 711–716). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO.2017.7973515
19.
BettsB. W.BalJ.BettsA. W. (2013). Gamification as a tool for increasing the depth of student understanding using a collaborative e-learning environment. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning, 23(3–4), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCEELL.2013.055405
20.
BouchrikaI.HarratiN.WanickV.WillsG. (2021). Exploring the impact of gamification on student engagement and involvement with e-learning systems. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(8), 1244–1257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1623267
21.
BoudadiN. A.Gutiérrez-ColónM. (2020). Effect of gamification on students’ motivation and learning achievement in second language acquisition within higher education: A literature review 2011–2019. The EuroCALL Review, 28(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2020.12974
22.
BoyinbodeO. (2018). Development of a gamification based English vocabulary mobile learning system. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 7(8), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc
23.
BrophyK. P. (2015). Gamification and mobile teaching and learning. In ZhangY. (Ed.), Handbook of mobile teaching and learning (pp. 91–105). Springer.
24.
BuckleyJ.DeWilleT.ExtonC.ExtonG.MurrayL. (2018). A gamification–motivation design framework for educational software developers. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 47(1), 101–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239518783153
ButlerS.AhmedD. T.(2016, December). Gamification to engage and motivate students to achieve computer science learning goals. In 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) (pp. 237–240). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI.2016.0053
27.
CahyaniA. D. (2016). Gamification approach to enhance students engagement in studying language course. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 58, p. 03006). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165803006
28.
Carreño-LeónM.Sandoval-BringasA.Álvarez-RodríguezF.Camacho-GonzálezY.(2018, April). Gamification technique for teaching programming. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 2009–2014). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363482
29.
CassanoF.PiccinnoA.RoselliT.RossanoV. (2019). Gamification and learning analytics to improve engagement in university courses. In Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 8th International Conference 8 (pp. 156–163). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98872-6_19
30.
ChangJ. W.WeiH. Y. (2016). Exploring engaging gamification mechanics in massive online open courses. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 177–203.
31.
ChauhanJ.TanejaS.GoelA. (2015, October). Enhancing MOOC with augmented reality, adaptive learning and gamification. In 2015 IEEE 3rd International Conference on MOOCs, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE) (pp. 348–353). IEEE.
32.
ChinS. (2014, May). Mobile technology and gamification: The future is now!. In 2014 Fourth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP) (pp. 138–143). IEEE.
33.
CravenD. (2015). Gamification in virtual worlds for learning: A case study of PIERSiM for business education. In T. Reiners & L. Wood (Eds.)Gamification in Education and Business (pp. 385–401). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_19
34.
CruaudC. (2018). The playful frame: gamification in a French-as-a-foreign-language class. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 12(4), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2016.1213268
35.
CsikszentmihalyiM. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row.
36.
CunhaG. C. A.BarraquiL. P.De FreitasS. A. A.(2018, October). Evaluating the use of gamification in mathematics learning in primary school children. In 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2018.8658950
37.
Díaz-RamírezJ. (2020). Gamification in engineering education–An empirical assessment on learning and game performance. Heliyon, 6(9), e04972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04972
38.
de-Marcos, L., García-López, E., & García-Cabot, A. (2017). Dataset on the learning performance of ECDL digital skills of undergraduate students for comparing educational gaming, gamification and social networking. Data in Brief, 11, 155–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.01.017
39.
DenmeadeN. (2015). Gamification with Moodle. Packt Publishing.
40.
DeterdingS.DixonD.KhaledR.NackeL. (2011, September). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining “gamification”. In Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments (pp. 9–15).
41.
DichevaD.IrwinK.DichevC. (2018, July). Motivational factors in educational gamification. In 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) (pp. 408–410). IEEE.
42.
DikciusV.UrbonaviciusS.AdomaviciuteK.DegutisM.ZimaitisI. (2021). Learning marketing online: The role of social interactions and gamification rewards. Journal of Marketing Education, 43(2), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475320968252
43.
DugalichN. M.AlontsevaN. V.VasilievaY. A.RubannikovaI. A.MikheevaM. I.KudryashovaN. V. (2020). Increasing efficiency of foreign-language teaching: gamification technologies in education. Revista Inclusiones, 7(S3–2),151–163.
44.
FanK. K.XiaoP. W.SuC. (2015). The effects of learning styles and meaningful learning on the learning achievement of gamification health education curriculum. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 11(5), 1211–1229. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2015.1413a
45.
FeatherstoneM. (2018). Designing gamification for constructive competition. In GerilP.KingD. (Eds.), GAME-ON 2018 – 19th International Conference on intelligent games and simulation (pp. 138–143). Eurosis-Eti.
46.
Ferriz-ValeroA.ØsterlieO.García MartínezS.García-JaénM. (2020). Gamification in physical education: Evaluation of impact on motivation and academic performance within higher education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124465
47.
FleischmanK.ArielE. (2016). Gamification in science education: Gamifying learning of microscopic processes in the laboratory. Contemporary Educational Technology, 7(2), 138–159.
48.
FloresE. G. R.MenaJ.MontoyaM. S. R.VelardeR. R. (2020). The use of gamification in xMOOCs about energy: Effects and predictive models for participants’ learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(2), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4818
49.
GłowackiJ.KriukovaY.AvshenyukN. (2018). Gamification in higher education: Experience of Poland and Ukraine. Advanced Education, 105–110.https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.151143
GafniR.AchituvD. B.EidelmanS.ChatskyT. (2018). The effects of gamification elements in e-learning platforms. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management (OJAKM), 6(2), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.36965/OJAKM.2018.6(2)37-53
52.
García-ViolaA.Garrido-MolinaJ. M.Márquez-HernándezV. V.Granados-GámezG.Aguilera-ManriqueG.Gutiérrez-PuertasL. (2019). The influence of gamification on decision making in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 58(12), 718–722. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20191120-07
53.
GaroneP.NesteriukS. (2019, July). Gamification and learning: A comparative study of design frameworks. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 473–487). Springer.
54.
GarrisonD. R.KanukaH. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001
55.
GattiL.UlrichM.SeeleP. (2019). Education for sustainable development through business simulation games: An exploratory study of sustainability gamification and its effects on students’ learning outcomes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 667–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.130
GudonieneD.BartkuteR.RutkauskieneD.BlazauskasT. (2016). Technological aspects of the gamification model for e-learning participant’s engagement. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 4(4), 1008–1015. https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2016.4.4.25
58.
HalloluwaT.VyasD.UsoofH.HewagamageK. P. (2018). Gamification for development: a case of collaborative learning in Sri Lankan primary schools. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 22, 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-017-1073-6
59.
HammerschallU.(2019, April). A gamification framework for long-term engagement in education based on self-determination theory and the transtheoretical model of change. In 2019 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 95–101). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2019.8725251
60.
HamzahW. M. A. F. W.AliN. H.SamanM. Y. M.YusoffM. H.YacobA. (2015). Influence of gamification on students’ motivation in using e-learning applications based on the motivational design model. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 10(2), 30–34. http://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v10i2.4355
61.
Harvey Arce, N. P., & Valdivia, A. M. C. (2020). Adapting competitiveness and gamification to a digital platform for foreign language learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(20), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i20.16135
62.
HassanM. A.HabibaU.MajeedF.ShoaibM. (2021). Adaptive gamification in e-learning based on students’ learning styles. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(4), 545–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1588745
63.
HensenB.KorenI.KlammaR. (2019). Gamification support for learning in spatial computing environments. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 25(12), 1644–1665.
64.
HeryadiY.MuliaminK.(2016, December). Gamification of M-learning Mandarin as second language. In 2016 1st International Conference on Game, Game Art, and Gamification (ICGGAG) (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGGAG.2016.8052645
65.
HrendusM.AndrunykV.YavirM.RyshkovetsY.KhudyiA.HryhorovychV.KorobchynskyiM. (2020). Developing an intelligent online learning system for foreign language vocabulary training based on gamification. COLINS, 1075–1101.
66.
HuangB.HewK. F. (2015, November). Do points, badges and leaderboard increase learning and activity: A quasi-experiment on the effects of gamification. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 275–280). Hangzhou, China: Society for Computer in Education.
67.
HuangB.HewK. F.LoC. K. (2019). Investigating the effects of gamification-enhanced flipped learning on undergraduate students’ behavioral and cognitive engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(8), 1106–1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1495653
68.
HuangB.HwangG. J.HewK. F.WarningP. (2019). Effects of gamification on students’ online interactive patterns and peer-feedback. Distance Education, 40(3), 350–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1632168
69.
IbanezM. B.Di-SerioA.Delgado-KloosC. (2014). Gamification for engaging computer science students in learning activities: A case study. IEEE Transactions on learning technologies, 7(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2014.2329293
70.
IfigeniaP. R. D.JaimeM. A.JulienB.CesarP. G. J. (2018, April). Integration of gamification to assist literacy in children with special educational needs. In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 1949–1956). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363474
71.
IsabelleD. A. (2020). Gamification of entrepreneurship education. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 18(2), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/dsji.12203
72.
JaguštT.BotičkiI.SoH. J. (2018). Examining competitive, collaborative and adaptive gamification in young learners’ math learning. Computers & Education, 125, 444–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.022
73.
JakubowskiM.(2014, March). Gamification in business and education–project of gamified course for university students. In Developments in business simulation and experiential learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL Conference (Vol. 41). Florida.
74.
JenkinsD. A.MasonD. (2020). Gamification in general chemistry. In J. J. Mintzes & E. M. Walter (Eds.) Active Learning in College Science: The Case for Evidence-Based Practice (pp. 439–449). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33600-4_27
75.
JoJ.JunH.LimH. (2018). A comparative study on gamification of the flipped classroom in engineering education to enhance the effects of learning. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 26(5), 1626–1640. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.21992
76.
JuntunenR. (2019). Gamification of language learning. Master Thesis. Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciene.
77.
KétyiA. (2016). From mobile language learning to gamification: an overlook of research results with business management students over a five-year period. Porta Linguarum, 1, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.54087
78.
KappK. M. (2012). The gamification of learning and instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. Pfeiffer.
79.
KappK. M. (2013). The gamification of learning and instruction fieldbook: Ideas into practice. John Wiley & Sons.
80.
KarayılanM.ÇakmakG.GüzelR. (2018). The effect of gamification activity on the students’ success in science course used in the evaluation process of “plant and animal reproduction, growth and development” unit. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, (34), 60–69. http://doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.1910
81.
KatsigiannakisE.KaragiannidisC. (2017). Gamification and game mechanics-based e-learning: a moodle implementation and its effect on user engagement. In P. Anastasiades & N. Zaranis (Eds.)Research on e-Learning and ICT in Education: Technological, Pedagogical and Instructional Perspectives (pp. 47–159). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34127-9_11
82.
KaufmannD. A. (2018). Reflection: Benefits of gamification in online higher education. Journal of Instructional Research, 7, 125–132.
83.
KayımbaşıoğluD.OktekinB.HacıH. (2016). Integration of gamification technology in education. Procedia Computer Science, 102, 668–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.460
84.
KhaddageF.LattemannC.Acosta-DíazR. (2014, March). Mobile gamification in education engage, educate and entertain via gamified mobile apps. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1654–1660). AACE.
85.
KhaleelF. L.AshaariN. S.WookT. S. M. T. (2020). The impact of gamification on students learning engagement. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10(5), 4965–4972. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4965-4972
86.
KhaleelF. L.AshaariN. S.WookT. S. M. T.IsmailA.(2017, November). Gamification-based learning framework for a programming course. In 2017 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEI.2017.8312377
87.
KhalilM.EbnerM.AdmiraalW. F.Pivec MG. J. (2017). How can gamification improve MOOC student engagement?. In Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Game Based Learning (pp. 819–828). Academic Publishing Limited.
88.
KimE.RothrockL.FreivaldsA. (2016, October). The effects of gamification on engineering lab activities. In 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
89.
KimJ. T.LeeW. H. (2015). Dynamical model for gamification of learning (DMGL). Multimedia Tools and Applications, 74(19), 8483–8493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1612-8
90.
KimS.SongK.LockeeB.BurtonJ. (2018). Gamification in learning and education. Springer.
91.
KingsleyT. L., & Grabner-Hagen, M. M. (2018). Vocabulary by gamification. The Reading Teacher, 71(5), 545–555. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1645
92.
KlemkeR.EradzeM.AntonaciA. (2018). The flipped MOOC: Using gamification and learning analytics in MOOC design—a conceptual approach. Education Sciences, 8(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010025
93.
KnutasA.van RoyR.HynninenT.GranatoM.KasurinenJ.IkonenJ.(2017, April). Profile-based algorithm for personalized gamification in computer-supported collaborative learning environments. In 2017Games-Human Interaction (GHITALY).(Vol. 1956) Italy.
94.
KorhonenH.MontolaM.ArrasvunoriJ. (2009). Understanding playful user experience through digital games. In A. Guenand (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces, DPPI 2009 (pp. 274–285). ACM Press.
95.
KrauseM.MogalleM.PohlH.WilliamsJ. J.(2015, March). A playful game changer: Fostering student retention in online education with social gamification. In Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM conference on Learning@ Scale (pp. 95–102). https://doi.org/10.1145/2724660.2724665
96.
KusumaG. P.WigatiE. K.UtomoY.SuryapranataL. K. P. (2018). Analysis of gamification models in education using MDA framework. Procedia Computer Science, 135, 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.187
97.
LambruschiniB. B.PizarroW. G.(2015, July). Tech—Gamification in university engineering education: Captivating students, generating knowledge. In 2015 10th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE) (pp. 295–299). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSE.2015.7250259
98.
LebaM.IonicãA.ApostuD. (2014). Educational software based on gamification techniques for medical students. Recent Advances in Computer Engineering, Communications and Information Technology, 225–230.
LeungE.PluskwikE. (2018). Effectiveness of gamification activities in a project-based learning classroom.In 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition (pp. 1–16). ASEE.
101.
LiC.DongZ.UntchR. H.ChasteenM. (2013). Engaging computer science students through gamification in an online social network based collaborative learning environment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 3(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2013.V3.237
102.
LoC. K.HewK. F. (2020). A comparison of flipped learning with gamification, traditional learning, and online independent study: the effects on students’ mathematics achievement and cognitive engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(4), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1541910
103.
MüllerB. C.ReiseC.SeligerG. (2015). Gamification in factory management education–a case study with Lego Mindstorms. Procedia Cirp, 26, 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.056
104.
MacKinnonR. J.StoeterR.DohertyC.FullwoodC.ChengA.NadkarniV.ChangT. P. (2015). Self-motivated learning with gamification improves infant CPR performance, a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Simulation & Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000061
105.
MalasR. I.HamtiniT. M. (2016). A gamified e-learning design model to promote and improve learning. International Review on Computers and Software, 11(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.15866/irecos.v11i1.7913
106.
MarascoE.BehjatL.EggermontM.RosehartW.MoshirpourM.HugoR. (2016, October). Using gamification for engagement and learning in electrical and computer engineering classrooms. In 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.
107.
Martínez-NúñezM.Fidalgo-BlancoÁ.Borrás-GenéO. (2015). New challenges for the motivation and learning in engineering education using gamification in MOOC. International Journal of Engineering Education, 32 (1B), 501–512.
108.
MeşeC.DursunO. O. (2019). Effectiveness of gamification elements in blended learning environments. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 20(3), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.601914
109.
MeaslesS.Abu-DawoodS. (2015, March). Gamification: Game–based methods and strategies to increase engagement and motivation within an elearning environment. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 809–814). AACE.
110.
MelladoR.BlancoM.CubillosC.De La FuenteH.FaundezA.(2019, November). Learning of information technologies in administration sciences through gamification techniques. In 2019 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON) (pp. 1–7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CHILECON47746.2019.8988017
111.
MillerC. (2013). The gamification of education. In Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning: Proceedings of the Annual ABSEL Conference (Vol. 40).
112.
MohamadS. N. M.SalamS.BakarN. (2017). An analysis of gamification elements in online learning to enhance learning engagement. In J. Zulikha & N. H. Zakaria (Eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computing & Informatics (pp. 452–460). Sintok: School of Computing.
113.
MoherD.LiberatiA.TetzlaffJ.AltmanD. G., & Prisma Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
114.
MonterratB.LavouéE.GeorgeS. (2014, April). Motivation for learning: Adaptive gamification for web-based learning environments. In 6th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2014) (pp. 117–125). Barcelona.
115.
MunteanC. I.(2011, October). Raising engagement in e-learning through gamification. In Proc. 6th International Conference on Virtual Learning ICVL (Vol. 1, pp. 323–329). University of Bucharest.
116.
NahmodD. M. (2017). Vocabulary gamification vs traditional learning instruction in an inclusive high school classroom. Master Thesis. Rowan University.
117.
NandK.BaghaeiN.CaseyJ.BarmadaB.MehdipourF.LiangH. N. (2019). Engaging children with educational content via Gamification. Smart Learning Environments, 6, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0085-2
118.
NtokosK. (2019). Swords and sorcery: a structural gamification framework for higher education using role-playing game elements. Research in Learning Technology, 27, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v27.2272
119.
OsipovskayaE.MiakotnikovaS. (2020). Using gamification in teaching public relations students. In M. E. Auer & T. Tsiatsos (Eds.) The Challenges of the Digital Transformation in Education: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2018)-Volume 1 (pp. 685–696). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11932-4_64
120.
OuariachiT.LiC. Y.ElvingW. J. (2020). Gamification approaches for education and engagement on pro-environmental behaviors: Searching for best practices. Sustainability, 12(11), 4565. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114565
121.
PappT. A.TheresaA. (2017). Gamification effects on motivation and learning: Application to primary and college students. International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, 8(3), 3193–3201.
122.
Parra-GonzálezM. E.López BelmonteJ.Segura-RoblesA.Fuentes CabreraA. (2020). Active and emerging methodologies for ubiquitous education: Potentials of flipped learning and gamification. Sustainability, 12(2), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020602
123.
PastushenkoO.GeurtsL.HruškaT.(2019, October). Conceptual learning of electric and electronic circuits with gamification. In Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts (pp. 589–596). https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356305
124.
PerezM. D. M. S.MasegosaA. G. (2022). Gamification as a teaching resource for English-medium instruction and multilingual education at university. Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education, 930–949.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch046
125.
PermanaY. A.KusumoD. S.NurjanahD.(2018, May). Gamification for learning basic algorithm. In 2018 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 402–408). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT.2018.8528723
126.
PerryB. (2015). Gamifying French language learning: A case study examining a quest-based, augmented reality mobile learning-tool. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 2308–2315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.892
127.
PirkerJ.Riffnaller-SchieferM.GütlC. (2014). Motivational active learning – engaging university students in computer science education. In CajanderA. (Ed.), ITiCSE ‘14 (pp. 297–302). ACM.
128.
PiteiraM.CostaC. J.(2017, June). Gamification: Conceptual framework to online courses of learning computer programming. In 2017 12th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1–7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI.2017.7975695
129.
PoondejC.LerdpornkulratT. (2020). Gamification in e-learning: A Moodle implementation and its effect on student engagement and performance. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 17(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-06-2019-0030
130.
PrabawaH. W.SutarnoH.KusnendarJ.RahmahF. (2018, May). Learning basic programming using CLIS through gamification. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1013, No. 1, p. 012099). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1013/1/012099
131.
Prasetyo Aji, T., & Napıtupulu, T. A. (2018). Effect of gamification on e-learning to support learning achievement and learning motivation. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 96(12), 3643–3653.
132.
PuğH. (2020). An investigation into using Kahoot! for grammar practice from learners’ and instructors’ perspectives. Master Thesis. Bahçeşehir University.
RachelsJ. R.Rockinson-SzapkiwA. J. (2018). The effects of a mobile gamification app on elementary students’ Spanish achievement and self-efficacy. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(1–2), 72–89. Epub online 2017.https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1382536
135.
RajšpA.BeraničT.HeričkoM.Horng-JyhP. W. (2017). Students’ Perception of Gamification in Higher Education Courses. In Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems (pp. 69–75). Faculty of Organization and Informatics Varazdin.
136.
RameshA.SadashivG. (2019). Essentials of gamification in education: a game-based learning. In A. Chakrabarti (ed) Research into Design for a Connected World: Proceedings of ICoRD 2019 Volume 2 (pp. 975–988). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5977-4_81
137.
ReinersT.WoodL. C.GregoryS.TeräsH. (2015). Gamification design elements in business education simulations. In M. Khosrow-Pour (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition (pp. 3048–3061). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5888-2.ch298
138.
Ruipérez-ValienteJ. A.Muñoz-MerinoP. J.Delgado KloosC. (2017). Detecting and clustering students by their gamification behavior with badges: A case study in engineering education. International Journal of Engineering Education, 33(2-B), 816–830.
139.
Rincon-FloresE. G.GallardoK.de la FuenteJ. M. (2018). Strengthening an educational innovation strategy: processes to improve gamification in calculus course through performance assessment and meta-evaluation. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 13(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2692
140.
RivasE. S.PalmeroJ. R.RodríguezJ. S. (2019). Gamification of assessments in the natural sciences subject in primary education. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.1.0296
141.
RizzardiniR. H.ChanM. M.GuetlC. (2016). An attrition model for MOOCs: Evaluating the learning strategies of gamification. In Formative Assessment, Learning Data Analytics and Gamification (pp. 295–311). Academic Press.
142.
Rojas-LópezA.Rincón-FloresE. G. (2018). Gamification as learning scenario in programming course of higher education. In Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Learning and Teaching: 5th International Conference (LCT 2018) (pp. 200–210). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91152-6_16
143.
Rojas-LópezA.Rincón-FloresE. G.MenaJ.García-PeñalvoF. J.Ramírez-MontoyaM. S. (2019). Engagement in the course of programming in higher education through the use of gamification. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18(3), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-019-00680-z
144.
Romero-RodriguezL. M.Ramirez-MontoyaM. S.GonzálezJ. R. V. (2019). Gamification in MOOCs: Engagement application test in energy sustainability courses. IEEE Access, 7, 32093–32101. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903230
145.
RoostaF.TaghiyarehF.MosharrafM.(2016, September). Personalization of gamification-elements in an e-learning environment based on learners’ motivation. In 2016 8th International symposium on telecommunications (IST) (pp. 637–642). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTEL.2016.7881899
146.
RouseK. E. (2013). Gamification in science education: The relationship of educational games to motivation and achievement. Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Southern Mississippi.
147.
RutkauskieneD.GudonieneD.MaskeliunasR.BlazauskasT. (2016). The gamification model for e-learning participants engagement. In V. L. Uskov, R. J. Howlett, & L. C. Jain (Eds.)Smart Education and e-Learning 2016 (pp. 291–301). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39690-3_26
148.
SailerM.SailerM. (2021). Gamification of in-class activities in flipped classroom lectures. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12948
SaprudinS.LiliasariL.SetiawanA.PrihatmantoA. (2020). Optical gamification (OG); Serial versus random model to improve pre-service physics teachers’ concept mastery. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(9), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i09.11779
151.
SchattenM.SchattenM. (2019). Gamification of game programming education: A case study in a croatian high school. In Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems (pp. 13–18). Faculty of Organization and Informatics Varazdin.
SelwynN. (2009, July). The digital native–myth and reality. In Aslib proceedings. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
154.
SepehrS.HeadM.(2013, October). Competition as an element of gamification for learning: an exploratory longitudinal investigation. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications (pp. 2–9). https://doi.org/10.1145/2583008.2583009
155.
SezginS.BozkurtA.YilmazE. A.Van Der LindenN. (2018). Oyunlaştırma, eğitim ve kuramsal yaklaşımlar: Öğrenme süreçlerinde motivasyon, adanmışlık ve sürdürebilirlik [Gamification, education and theoretical approaches: Motivation, engagement and sustainability in learning processes]. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 45, 169–189. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.339909
ShiL.CristeaA. I.HadzidedicS.DervishalidovicN. (2014). Contextual gamification of social interaction–towards increasing motivation in social e-learning. In E. Popescu, R. W. H. Lau, K. Pata, H. Leung, & M. Laanpere (Eds.)Advances in Web-Based Learning–ICWL 2014: 13th International Conference, Tallinn, Estonia, August 14-17, 2014. Proceedings 13 (pp. 116–122). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09635-3_12
158.
SilvaJ. B. D.SalesG. L.CastroJ. B. D. (2019). Gamification as an active learning strategy in the Physics education. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, 41. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-RBEF-2018-0309
159.
SirakayaD. A. (2017). Student views on gamified flipped classroom model. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 36(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.327393
160.
SmiderleR.MarquesL.CoelhoJ. A. P. D. M.RigoS. J.JaquesP. A. (2019, July). Studying the impact of gamification on learning and engagement of introverted and extroverted students. In 2019IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) (Vol. 2161, pp. 71–75). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2019.00023
161.
Smiderle, R., Rigo, S. J., Marques, L. B., Peçanha de Miranda Coelho, J. A., & Jaques, P. A.. (2020). The impact of gamification on students’ learning, engagement and behavior based on their personality traits. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0098-x
162.
SöbkeH. (2019). A case study of deep gamification in higher engineering education. In Games and Learning Alliance: 7th International Conference, GALA 2018, Palermo, Italy, December 5–7, 2018, Proceedings 7 (pp. 375–386). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11548-7_35
163.
StepanovaN.DavyY.BochkovP.LarionovaV.(2018, October). Gamification in project management training. In European Conference on Games Based Learning (pp. 653–XXV). Academic Conferences International Limited.
StoyanovaM.TuparovaD.SamardzhievK. (2017, September). Impact of motivation, gamification and learning style on students’ interest in Maths classes–A study in 11 high school grade. In International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (pp. 133–142). Springer.
166.
SüncksenM.BendigH.TeistlerM.WagnerM.BottO. J.DresingK.(2018, May). Gamification and virtual reality for teaching mobile x-ray imaging. In 2018 IEEE 6th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH) (pp. 1–7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SeGAH.2018.8401364
167.
SwachaJ.BaszuroP.(2013, July). Gamification-based e-learning platform for computer programming education. In X World Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 122–130). Poland.
168.
TanM.HewK. F. (2016). Incorporating meaningful gamification in a blended learning research methods class: Examining student learning, engagement, and affective outcomes. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 32(5), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2232
169.
TodaA. M.do CarmoR. M.da SilvaA. P.BittencourtI. I.IsotaniS. (2019). An approach for planning and deploying gamification concepts with social networks within educational contexts. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.001
170.
TuC. H.Sujo-MontesL. E.YenC. J. (2015). Gamification for learning. In PapaR. (Ed.), Media rich instruction (pp. 203–217). Springer.
171.
TundjungsariV. (2020). Mobile learning design using gamification for teaching and learning in algorithms and programming language. In M. Auer & T. Tsiatsos (Eds.)The Challenges of the Digital Transformation in Education: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2018)-Volume 1 (pp. 650–661). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11932-4_61
172.
UskovV.SekarB.(2014, October). Gamification of software engineering curriculum. In 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings (pp. 1–8). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2014.7044098
173.
Uz Bilgin, C., & Gul, A. (2020). Investigating the effectiveness of gamification on group cohesion, attitude, and academic achievement in collaborative learning environments. TechTrends, 64(1), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00442-x
174.
VeljkovićMichos, M. (2017). Gamification in foreign language teaching: Do you Kahoot?. In Sinteza 2017-International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Data Related Research (pp. 511–516). Singidunum University. https://doi.org/10.15308/Sinteza-2017-511-516
175.
VeltsosJ. R. (2017). Gamification in the business communication course. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 80(2), 194–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329490616676576
176.
WangF.WangY.HuX. (2017). Gamification teaching reform for higher vocational education in China: A case study on layout and management of distribution center. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 12(9), 130. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12.i09.7493
177.
WerbachK.HunterK. (2012). For the win: How game thinking can revolutionize your business. Wharton Digital Press.
178.
WinkelD. J.BrantnerP.LutzJ.KorkutS.LinxenS.HeyeT. J. (2020). Gamification of electronic learning in radiology education to improve diagnostic confidence and reduce error rates. American Journal of Roentgenology, 214(3), 618–623. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.19.22087
179.
WójcikJ. (2013). Motivation for students: Gamification in e-learning. Studia Ekonomiczne, (153),149–161.
180.
WoodL.ReinersT. (2012). Gamification in logistics and supply chain education: Extending active learning. In P. Kommers, I. Tomayess, & P. Isaias (Eds.) IADIS International Conference on Internet Technologies & Society 2012 (pp. 101–108). IADIS.
181.
WongsoO.RosmansyahY.BandungY.(2014, August). Gamification framework model, based on social engagement in e-learning 2.0. In 2014 2nd International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering & Environment (pp. 10–14). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIME-E.2014.7011583
182.
YanesN.BouodI.(2019, April). Using gamification and serious games for English language learning. In 2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCISci.2019.8716451
183.
Yıldırım, İ., & Şen, S. (2021). The effects of gamification on students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis study. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(8), 1301–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1636089
184.
YunyongyingP. (2014). Gamification: implications for curricular design. Journal of graduate medical education, 6(3), 410–412. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-13-00406.1
185.
Zatarain Cabada, R., Barrón Estrada, M. L., Ríos Félix, J. M., & Alor Hernández, G. (2020). A virtual environment for learning computer coding using gamification and emotion recognition. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(8), 1048–1063. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1558256
186.
ZhuY.PeiL.ShangJ. (2017, June). Improving video engagement by gamification: A proposed design of MOOC videos. In International conference on blended learning (pp. 433–444). Springer.
187.
ZichermannG.CunninghamC. (2011). Gamification by design: Implementing game mechanics in web and mobile apps. O'Reilly Media.
