Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent post-stroke and is associated with poor functional outcomes. Stroke experts have highlighted 2 fundamental barriers to progress in rehabilitation and research related to post-stroke cognitive impairment: (1) there is no agreed-upon definition of post-stroke cognitive impairment, and (2) there is no consensus on the appropriate screening and diagnostic procedures. In this paper, we will discuss recent progress and remaining challenges to developing a standard general definition and understanding of post-stroke cognitive impairment. We will provide recommendations to advance the definition of post-stroke cognitive impairment, informed by the steps taken to develop a general definition for mild cognitive impairment. Finally, we discuss the impact these advances might have on stroke rehabilitation, highlighting the potential impact on motor rehabilitation, as an example.
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