Construction requires, inter alia, bending and twisting, working in awkward or cramped positions, reaching away from the body and overhead, repetitive movements, handling heavy materials and equipment, use of body force, exposure to vibration and noise, and climbing and descending.
Interviews conducted with workers using a structured questionnaire and a graphic inquiry determined, inter alia: the hands, feet and lower back are mostly used; the lower and upper back hurt most, and climbing and descending, and handling heavy materials predominate among ergonomic problems encountered.
CookT.M.ZimmermanC.L.RosecranceJ.C. (1997). Self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and job factors among unionized electricians. In proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Tampere, Finland, 6. SeppälaP.LuopajärviT.NygårdC-H.MattilaM., From Experience to Innovation. (pp. 160–162). Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
2.
HsiaoH.FosbrokeD. (1997). Determining research focus for reducing overexertion injuries in the construction industry. In proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Tampere, Finland, 6. SeppälaP.LuopajärviT.NygårdC-H.MattilaM., From Experience to Innovation. (pp. 118–120). Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
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SmallwoodJ.J. (1997). Ergonomics in construction. In proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Tampere, Finland, 6. SeppälaP.LuopajärviT.NygårdC-H.MattilaM., From Experience to Innovation. (pp. 184–187). Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
4.
ZimmermanC.L.CookT.M.RosecranceJ.C. (1997). Trade specific trends in self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and job factor perceptions among unionized construction workers. In proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Tampere, Finland, 6. SeppälaP.LuopajärviT.NygårdC-H.MattilaM., From Experience to Innovation. (pp.214–216). Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
