Comparison of the Memory Performance Index With Standard Neuropsychological Measures of Cognition

Abstract

The Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (MCIS) is a computer-based cognitive assessment designed for clinical and research use in detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Performance on the MCIS is reported as the Memory Performance Index (MPI). However, the comparability between the MPI and traditional neuropsychological tests in detecting aMCI, and in differentiating it from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal aging has not been examined. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the validity of the MPI relative to standard neuropsychological measures. Participants included 12 individuals diagnosed with aMCI, 49 with mild AD, and 25 healthy elderly. The MCIS significantly discriminated among aMCI, AD, and healthy elderly controls. The MCIS is effective in detecting aMCI, and in discriminating it from cognitive changes observed in AD and normal aging. The MCIS may be a valuable tool in the identification of elderly at high risk for dementia due to its ease-of-use and brief administration time.

Keywords

Mild Cognitive Impairment Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease Screening Memory

References

Morris JC , Heyman A. , Mohs RC , et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1989;39(9):1159-1165.

Tierney MC , Szalai JP , Snow WG Prediction of probable Alzheimer’s disease in memory-impaired patients: a prospective longitudinal study. Neurology. 1996;46(3):661-665.

Rubin EH , Storandt M. , Miller JP Prospective study of cognitive function and onset of dementia in cognitively healthy elders. Arch Neurol. 1998;55(3):395-401.

Shankle WR , Romney AK , et al. Methods to improve the detection of mild cognitive impairment . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(13):4919-4924.

Trenkle DL , Shankle WR , Azen SP Detecting cognitive impairment in primary care: performance assessment of three screening instruments. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007;11(3):323-335.

Cho A. , Sugimura M. , Nakano S. , Yamada T. The Japanese MCI screen for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen . 2008;23(2):162-166.

Mattis S. DRS: Dementia Rating Scale Professional Manual. New York : Psycholgical Assesment Resources; 1988.

Folstein M. , Folstein S. , Mchugh P. The mini mental state examination. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189-198.

Wechsler D. WMS-R Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc; 1987.

10.

Mohs RC , Knopman D. , Petersen RC Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: additions to the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) that broaden its scope. Alzheimers Dis Assoc Dis. 1997;11(suppl2): 13S-21S.

11.

Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Rev ed. New York: Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc; 1981.

12.

Reitan RM The validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage . Percept Mot Skills. 1958;8:271-276.

13.

Kaplan EF , Goodglass H. , Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1983.

14.

Berg EA A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking. J Gen Psychol. 1948;39:15-22.

15.

Delis D. , Kramer J. , Kaplan E. , Ober B. The California Verbal Learning Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation; 1987.

16.

Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test Manual-Revised. Los Angeles : Western Psychological Services; 1982.

17.

Morris JC The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993;43(11):2412-2414.

18.

Galasko D. , Hansen LA , Katzman R. , et al. Clinicalneuropathological correlations in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Arch Neurol. 1994;51(9):888-895.

19.

Shankle WR , Mangrola T. , Chan T. , Hara J. Development and validation of the Memory Performance Index: reducing measurement error in recall tests. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2009;5(4):295-306.

20.

Seo EH , Lee DY , Kim SG , et al. Validity of the telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS) and modified TICS (TICSm) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia screening. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(1):e26-e30.