This article explores how Latinxs have responded to the visibility of campaigns and movements such as #OscarsSoWhite. It outlines the discourses Latinxs have deployed on Twitter to justify their demands for inclusion in the media industries and how notions of competition, coalition building, and solidarity operate between various ethnoracial groups in digital media activism. The article theorizes “Latinx Twitter” and its anti-Blackness and explores the clashes this counterpublic has had with Black Twitter by analyzing the discourses surrounding the hashtags #OscarsSoWhite, #NotYourMule, and #OscarsSoWhiteAndBlack. It advances the notion of competing ethnoracialized counterpublics to explore how race and ethnicity operate relationally in the U.S. and how competition among marginalized groups impacts media activism.
AmayaHector. 2013. Citizenship Excess: Latinas/os, Media, and the Nation. New York: NYU Press.
2.
AparicioFrances. 2017. “Latinidad/es.” In Keywords for Latina/o Studies, edited by VargasDeborah R.MirabalN. R.La Fountain-StokesLawrence, 113–7. New York: NYU Press.
3.
ArizmendiYareli. 2017. Interview by author, July 5. Los Angeles, CA.
4.
AsenRobertBrouwerDaniel C., eds. 2001. Counterpublics and the State. Albany: SUNY Press.
5.
BeltránCristina. 2010. The Trouble with Unity: Latino Politics and the Creation of Identity. New York: Oxford University Press.
6.
Black Public Sphere Collective. 1995. The Black Public Sphere: A Public Culture Book. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7.
BodroghkozyAniko. 2012. Equal Time: Television and the Civil Rights Movement. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
8.
BrockAndré. 2012. “From the Blackhand Side: Twitter as a Cultural Conversation.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media56 (4): 529–49.
9.
BrockAndré. 2020. Distributed Blackness: African American Cybercultures. New York: NYU Press.
CasillasDolores Inés. 2014. Sounds of Belonging: US Spanish-Language Radio and Public Advocacy. New York: NYU Press.
12.
CastañedaMari. 2014. “The Role of Media Policy in Shaping the US Latino Radio Industry.” In Contemporary Latina/o Media: Production, Circulation, Politics, edited by DávilaArleneRiveroYeidy M., 186–205. New York: NYU Press.
13.
ClassenSteven D.2004. Watching Jim Crow: The Struggles over Mississippi TV, 1955–1969. Durham: Duke University Press.
DávilaArlene. 2001. Latinos, Inc: The Marketing and Making of a People. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16.
de KosnikAbigailKeithFeldman. 2019. #identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
17.
de la TorreMonica. 2015. “Programas Sin Vergüenza (Shameless Programs)”: Mapping Chicanas in Community Radio in the 1970s.” WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly43 (3–4): 175–90.
18.
FelskiRita. 1989. Beyond Feminist Aesthetics: Feminist Literature and Social Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
19.
FloriniSarah. 2014. “Tweets, Tweeps, and Signifyin’ Communication and Cultural Performance on “Black Twitter”.” Television & New Media15 (3): 223–37.
20.
FloriniSarah. 2019. Beyond Hashtags: Racial Politics and Black Digital Networks. Vol. 19. New York: NYU Press.
21.
FraserNancy. 1990. “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” Social Text 25/26: 56–80.
22.
FreelonDeenMcIlwainCharlton D.ClarkMeredith. 2016. “Beyond the Hashtags: #Ferguson, #Blacklivesmatter, and the Online Struggle for Offline Justice.” Center for Media & Social Impact, American University.
23.
GosinMonika. 2019. The Racial Politics of Division: Interethnic Struggles for Legitimacy in Multicultural Miami. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
24.
HabermasJürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
25.
HookerJuliet. 2014. “Hybrid Subjectivities, Latin American Mestizaje, and Latino Political Thought on Race.” Politics, Groups, and Identities2 (2): 188–201.
HuntDarnellRamónAna-Christina. 2020. “Hollywood Diversity Report, 2020: A Tale of Two Hollywoods.” UCLA College of Sciences.
28.
JacksonSarah J.Foucault WellesBrooke. 2015. “Hijacking #myNYPD: Social Media Dissent and Networked Counterpublics.” Journal of Communication65 (6): 932–52.
29.
JacksonSarah J.Foucault WellesBrooke. 2016. “#Ferguson is Everywhere: Initiators in Emerging Counterpublic Networks.” Information, Communication & Society19 (3): 397–418.
30.
Jiménez RománMiriamFloresJuan. 2010. “Introduction.” In The Afro-Latin@ Reader: History and Culture in the United States, edited by RománMiriam JiménezFloresJuan, 1–15. Durham: Duke University Press.
LipsitzGeorgeSánchezGeorge J.HernándezKelly LytleHoSangDaniel MartinezMolinaNatalia. 2019. “Race as a Relational Theory: A Roundtable Discussion.” In Relational Formations of Race: Theory, Method, and Practice, edited by MolinaNataliaHoSangDaniel MartinezGutiérrezRamón A., 1–18. Berkeley: University of California Press.
43.
LopezLori Kido. 2016. Asian American Media Activism: Fighting for Cultural Citizenship. New York: NYU Press.
44.
López OroPaul Joseph. 2016. “Ni de aquí, ni de allá: Garífuna Subjectivities and the Politics of Diasporic Belonging.” In Afro-Latin@s in Movement: Critical Approaches to Blackness and Transnationalism in the Americas, edited by Rivera-RideauPetra R.JonesJennifer A.PaschelTianna S., 61–83. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
45.
Martinez HoSangDanielMolinaNatalia. 2019, “Introduction: Toward a Relational Consciousness of Race.” In Relational Formations of Race: Theory, Method, and Practice, edited by MolinaNataliaHoSangDaniel MartinezGutiérrezRamón A., 1–18. Berkeley: University of California Press.
46.
MartinezJanel. 2018. “Negra Soy: Why I’ve Moved Away from the Term Afro-Latina.” Remezcla, September17.
47.
MontgomeryKathryn C.1989. Target: Prime Time: Advocacy Groups and the Struggle Over Entertainment Television. New York: Oxford University Press.
48.
NoriegaChon A.2000. Shot in America: Television, the State, and the Rise of Chicano Cinema. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
49.
NovakAlison N.JohnsonKristine C.PontesManuel. 2016. “Latino Twitter: Discourses of Latino Civic Engagement in Social Media.” First Monday21, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v21i8.6752.
SharmaSanjay. 2013. “Black Twitter? Racial Hashtags, Networks and Contagion.” New Formations78: 46–64.
58.
SquiresCatherine R.2002. “Rethinking the Black Public Sphere: An Alternative Vocabulary for Multiple Public Spheres.” Communication Theory12(4) : 446–68.
