Much has been said about the importance of EI at the workplace. However, the need for review of selected literature on EI as it pertains to its approaches and measurement still remains important. This review examines common approaches to and instruments for measuring EI, and specifically focuses on selected studies that looked at EI and workplace performance. The discussion closes with ensuing implications for HRD theory building, research, and practice.
Ashkanasy, N.M., & Daus, S.C. ( 2002). Emotion in the workplace: The new challenge for managers . The Academy of Management Executive, 16, 76-86.
2.
Ashkanasy, N.M., & Daus, S.C. ( 2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 441-452.
Bar-On, R. ( 2000). Emotional and social intelligence. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 363-388). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
5.
Bar-On, R., Brown, J.M., Kirkcaldy, B.D., & Thorne, E.P. ( 2000). Emotional expression and implications for occupational stress: An application of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 1107-1118.
6.
Bar-On, R., Handley, R., & Fund, S. ( 2006). The impact of emotional intelligence on performance. In V. Druskat, F. Sala, & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence (pp. 3-20). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7.
Boyatzis, E.R., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K.S. ( 2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the emotional competency inventory. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 343-362). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
8.
Brackett, M.A., Cox, A., Gaines, S.O., & Salovey, P. ( 2005). Emotional intelligence and relationship quality among heterosexual couples. Manuscript submitted for publication.
9.
Brackett, M.A., & Mayer, J.D. ( 2003). Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1147-1158.
10.
Brackett, M.A., Mayer, J.D., & Warner, R.M. ( 2004). Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behavior . Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1387-1402.
11.
Brackett, M.A., Rivers, E.S., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. ( 2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 780-795.
12.
Butler, J.C., & Chinowsky, S.P. (2005). Emotional intelligence and leadership behavior in construction executives. Journal of Management in Engineering, 22, 119-125.
13.
Cartwright, S., & Pappas, C. ( 2007). Emotional intelligence, its measurement and implications for the workplace. International Journal of Management Reviews , 10, 149-171. doi:10.1111/ j.1468-2370.2007.00220.x
14.
Cavallo, K., & Brienza, D. ( 2004). Emotional competence and leadership excellence at Johnson & Johnson: The emotional intelligence and leadership study. New Brunswick, NJ: Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations, Rutgers University.
15.
Cherniss, C. ( 2004). Intelligence, emotional. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology, 2, 315-319.
16.
Cherniss, C., Extein, M., Goleman, D., & Weissberg, P.R. (2006). Emotional intelligence: What does the research really indicate? Educational Psychologist , 41, 239-245.
17.
Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A., Caputi, P., & Roberts, R. ( 2001). Measuring emotional intelligence. In J. Ciarroch, J. P. Forgas , & J. D. Mayer (Eds.), Emotional intelligence in everyday life: A scientific inquiry (pp. 25-45). Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
18.
Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A.Y.C., & Caputi, P. ( 2002). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct . Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 539-561.
19.
Conte, J. ( 2005). A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures . Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 433-440.
20.
Dawda, D., & Hart, S.D. ( 2000). Assessing emotional intelligence: Reliability and validity of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 797-812.
21.
Day, A.L., Therrien, D.L., & Carroll, S.A. ( 2005). Predicting psychological health: Assessing the incremental validity of emotional intelligence beyond personality, type A behavior, and daily hassles. European Journal of Personality, 19, 519-536.
22.
Duckett, H., & MacFarlane, E. (2003). Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in retailing. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24, 309-318.
23.
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. ( 1998). Emotional intelligence: Can it be measured reliably and validly using competency data? Competency, 6, 1-5.
24.
Dulewicz, V., & Higgs, M. ( 2004). Can emotional intelligence be developed? International Journal of Human Resources Management, 15, 95-111.
25.
Gardner, L., & Stough, C. ( 2002). Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior level managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23, 68-78.
26.
Goldenberg, I., Mathewson, K., & Mantler, J. ( 2006). The assessment of emotional intelligence: A comparison of performance-based and self-report methodologies. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 33-45.
27.
Goleman, D. ( 1995). Emotional intelligence. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
28.
Goleman, D. ( 1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
29.
Goleman, D. ( 2001). Emotional intelligence: Issues in paradigm building. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligence workplace (pp. 13-26). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
30.
Groves, S.K., McEnrue, P.M., & Shen, W. ( 2008). Developing and measuring emotional intelligence of leaders . Journal of Management Development, 27, 225-250.
31.
Hemmati, T., Mills, F.J., & Kroner, G.D. ( 2004). The validity of the Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Quotient in an offender population. Personality and Individual Differences , 37, 695-706.
32.
Holt, S., & Jones, S. ( 2005). Emotional intelligence and organizational performance: Implications for performance consultants and educators. Performance Improvement, 44(10), 15-23.
33.
Janovics, J., & Christiansen, N.D. (2001, April). Emotional intelligence in the workplace. Paper presented at the 16th Annual Conference of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA.
34.
Jordan, P.J., Ashkanasy, N.M., Hartel, C.E.J., & Hooper, G.S. ( 2002). Workgroup emotional intelligence: Scale development and relationships to team process effectiveness and goal focus. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 195-214.
35.
Kerr, R., Garvin, N., Heaton, H., & Boyle, E. ( 2006). Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27, 265-279.
36.
Kelley, R., & Caplan, J. ( 1993, July-August). How Bell Labs creates star performers. Harvard Business Review, pp. 128-139.
37.
Langhorn, S. ( 2004). How emotional intelligence can improve management performance . International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 16, 220-230.
38.
Lopes, P.N., Brackett, M.A., Nezlek, J.B., Schultz, A., Sellin, I., & Salovey, P. ( 2004). Emotional intelligence and social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1018-1034.
39.
Lopes, P.N., Cote, S., & Salovey, P. ( 2006). An ability model of emotional intelligence: Implications for assessment and training. In V. Drukat , F. Sala, & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work (pp. 153-180). London, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.
40.
Lopes, P.N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M., & Salovey, P. ( 2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18, 132-138.
41.
Lopes, P.N., Salovey, P., & Straus, R. ( 2003). Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 641-658.
42.
Matthews, G., Roberts, R.D., & Zeidner, M. ( 2004). Seven myths about emotional intelligence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 179-196.
43.
Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R.D. ( 2002). Emotional intelligence: Science and myth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
44.
Mayer, J.D., Roberts, R.D., & Barsade, S.G. ( 2008). Human abilities: Emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 507-536.
45.
Mayer, J.D., & Salovey, P. ( 1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence (pp. 3-31). New York, NY: Basic Books.
46.
Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. ( 2002). The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: The Multi-Health Systems.
47.
Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V 2.0. Emotion, 3, 97-105.
48.
Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D.R. ( 1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267-298.
Megerian, L.E., & Sosik, J.J. ( 1996). An affair of the heart: Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3), 31-48.
51.
Opengart, R. ( 2005). Emotional intelligence and emotion work: Examining constructs from an interdisciplinary framework. Human Resource Development Review, 4, 49-62.
52.
Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. ( 2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22, 5-10.
53.
Riggio, E.R., & Lee, J. ( 2007). Emotional and interpersonal competencies and leader development . Human Resources Management Review, 17, 418-426.
54.
Rosete, D., & Ciarrochi, J. ( 2005). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26, 388-400.
55.
Sala, F. ( 2002). Emotional competence inventory: Technical manual. Philadelphia, PA: McClelland Center for Research, Haygroup .
Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2003). Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress, health and performance. Stress and Health, 19, 233-239.
58.
Van Rooy, D.L., & Viswesvaran, C. (2004). Emotional intelligence: A meta-analytic investigation of predictive validity and nomological net. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 71-95.