Digital transformation is crucial for civil airports, driving changes in operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness. However, the process is complex, involving factors such as technology, management, culture, organization, and the external environment. Many airports face significant challenges, including technology misalignment, low return on investment, and employee resistance. This study examines the elements of digital transformation and its impact on airport performance, offering both theoretical and practical insights. Using a theoretical framework based on resource-based theory and organizational system theory, the study explores the relationships between digital transformation factors, innovation capability, and performance. Innovation capability is proposed as a mediating mechanism. Employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze survey data, the findings indicate that digital transformation elements positively influence both innovation capability and performance. Additionally, product and service innovation capabilities mediate the relationship between digital transformation elements and performance. The study concludes with practical recommendations to enhance airport digital transformation performance.
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