Analysis and research on the multi-factor impact of electric vehicle charging/swapping market pricing mechanism

Abstract

With the transformation of the global energy structure and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the electric vehicle (EV) market is developing rapidly, and the rational design of the pricing mechanism of the electric vehicle charging/swapping market has become critical. This study aims to analyze the multiple factors that affect pricing mechanism of the electric vehicle charging/swapping market and propose corresponding pricing strategies. The research background section outlines the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry and its strong demand for charging infrastructure. This study collects operation data on electric vehicle charging/swapping market, including location of charging stations, charging time, electricity price, user charging behavior, etc. Geographical location has a significant impact on charging prices. Charging stations in central urban areas have an average charging price of about 20% higher than suburban sites due to higher land costs. Charging time is also an important factor affecting price. During peak hours (e.g., 6 pm–9 pm), electricity prices generally rise due to concentrated charging by users and are, on average, about 30% higher than during low peak hours. User charging behavior also has a particular impact on prices. Users who opt for fast-charging services typically pay a higher fee, about 50% higher than regular charging services. In the battery swap mode, factors such as investment and operation costs, battery rental fees, and charging losses of the battery swap station will all affect the battery swap price. Through the simulation analysis of the battery swap station, it is found that when the battery cost and battery swap price change by 10%, respectively, the net life-cycle income of the battery swap station will change by about 25% and 15%, showing that the battery cost and battery swap price are the key factors affecting the economic benefits of the battery swap station.