In modern cities, improving transportation efficiency is directly linked to effectively using spatial resources, particularly road spatial resources. This study aims to optimize urban road spatial resources for enhancing traffic efficiency. First, the study examines the spatial arrangement of current urban roads, specifically the symmetrical layout of two-way lanes and the resulting “tidal traffic” phenomenon. A model is then proposed for optimizing the usage of urban road space resources based on traffic efficiency by utilizing variable lanes and designated bus-only lanes to maximize the efficiency of urban roads. The study found that, when
, except for the one-way traffic flow in the direction of entering the city in the evening peak, which is higher, the traffic flow in the other directions is maintained between 60 pcu and 820 pcu. The 30th bus line layout scheme resulted in the lowest total cost of bus travel, accommodating only 2596 people per hour. Optimizing the layout plan, especially the 30th bus route layout plan, not only minimizes the total cost of bus travel, but also effectively accommodates a large number of passengers per hour, thus supporting the feasibility of the proposed optimization strategy. These achievements provide strong theoretical support for urban traffic management and advocate for the adoption of more practical and scientific approaches to utilize urban road resources. The proposed study scheme offered robust theoretical backing for examining urban traffic management and encouraged the adoption of a more pragmatic and scientific approach to utilizing urban roadway resources.
