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Abstract

This study aimed to validate and explore outcomes of a questionnaire assessing instructional strategies and active learning perceptions among students. The questionnaire, developed through iterative processes and validated by experts and student samples, featured 17 vignettes representing various instructional strategies. Factor analysis revealed four distinct themes: Process-Oriented Learning, Cognitive Structuring and Repetition, Scaffolding, and Multimedia Instruction. Findings indicated that although all the strategies were observed in practice, their frequency varied significantly between lecturers, with many strategies being observed by less than half of the students. Notably, strategies such as the testing effect and interleaved practice were perceived as highly activating by students yet were underutilized by lecturers. Methodological considerations highlighted challenges in vignette construction and reliance on student perceptions, suggesting the need for refined measurement techniques and direct observational methods in future studies. Implications for educational practice underscored the importance of targeted professional development, curriculum enhancement informed by effective strategies, and ongoing evaluation to align instructional practices with student engagement. Further research should explore longitudinal impacts and lecturer perspectives to enhance strategy effectiveness and educational outcomes.

Keywords

active learning cognitive engagement instructional strategies higher education cognitive psychology

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The Relationship Between Instructional Strategies and Cognitive Activation in Higher Education: A Student Perspective

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