Abstract
The article reconstructs the scientific, political and methodological issues debated by the two camps in the Positivist Dispute. The main issues considered controversial were: methodological individualism versus holism, different notions of ‘critical’, methodological differences related to hypothetic-deductive explanation versus hermeneutic ‘understanding’ and to analytic versus dialectic reasoning. After more than 50 years, it is maybe easier to pass a sober verdict on what was discussed at the time and start a new long-term oriented dialogue on fundamental issues in the social sciences and science in general.
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