The theme of this paper is the relationship of language ideologies as they may be uncovered in public discourse and as they are mediated through language users, for instance in minority families, to linguistic practices as observed among young speakers in a superdiverse environment in Copenhagen. We build on data from the Amager Project, a longitudinal study of the development of polylanguaging among adolescents, and analyze both explicit statements about language norms and observed and recorded language practices. We find that the young speakers encounter different norms for language use in their everyday life and that they themselves have a quite sophisticated sense of variation, both in their explicit statements on language use and in their actual behavior we can observe.
AgA. (2010). Sprogbrug og identitetsarbejde hos senmoderne storbypiger. Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed, vol. 53. København, Danmark: Københavns Universitet.
2.
AghaA. (2007). Language and social relations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3.
BaumanR.BriggsC. L. (2003). Voices of modernity. Language ideologies and the politics of inequality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
4.
BlackledgeA.CreeseA. (2010). Multilingualism. A critical perspective. London, UK: Continuum.
CekaiteA.EvaldssonA.-C. (2008). Staging multilingual identities and negotiating monolingual norms in multiethnic school settings. Journal of Multilingualism, 5(3),177-196.
7.
ChristensenM. V. (2004). Arabiske ord i dansk hos unge i multietniske områder i Århus. In: DabelsteenC. B.Söderberg ArnfastJ. (Eds.), Taler De dansk? Aktuel forskning i dansk som fremmedsprog (pp. 33-52). Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed bind 37. København, Danmark: Københavns Universitet.
8.
GardnerR. C.LambertW. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House.
9.
GogolinI. (1994). Der monolinguale Habitus der multilingualen Schule. Münster, Deutschland: Waxmann.
10.
GumperzJ. J. (1982). Discourse stratgies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11.
HarrisR. (2006). New ethnicities and language use. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
12.
HellerM. (2007). Bilingualism as ideology and practice. In HellerM. (Ed.), Bilingualism: A social approach (pp. 1-22). Houndmills, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
13.
HolmenA.JørgensenJ. N. (2010). Skærpede holdninger til sproglig mangfoldighed i Danmark. In JørgensenJ. N.HolmenA. (Eds.), Sprogs status i Danmark år 2021 (pp. 121-135). Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed bind 58. København, Denmark: Københavns Universitet.
JørgensenJ. N. (2010). Languaging. Nine years of poly-lingual development of young Turkish-Danish grade school students, vol. I–II. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism, the Køge Series, vol. K15-K16. Copenhagen, Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
16.
JørgensenJ. N. (in press). Challenges facing Danish as a medium-sized language. In Xavier VilaF. (Ed.), Survival and Development of Language Communities: Prospects and Challenges. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
17.
JørgensenJ. N.KarrebækM. S.MadsenL. M.MøllerJ. S. (2011). Polylanguaging in superdiversity. Diversities, 13(2), 23-38.
18.
KristiansenT. (1990). Udtalenormering i Danmark. Skitse af en ideologisk bastion. København, Danmark: Gyldendal.
19.
KroskrityP. V. (2010). Language ideologies - Evolving perspectives. In JaspersJ.ÖstmanJ.-O.VerschuerenJ. (Eds.), Society and language use (pp. 192-211). Amsterdam, Nederland: John Benjamins.
20.
MadsenL. M. (2008). Fighters and outsiders: Linguistic practices, social identities, and social relationships among urban youth in a martial arts club. University of Copenhagen.
21.
MadsenL. M. (2011). Social status relations and enregisterment in contemporary Copenhagen. Working Papers in Urban Language and Literacies 72. London: King’s College.
22.
MadsenL. M.JørgensenJ. N.MøllerJ. S. (2010). “Street language” and “Integrated”: Language use and enregisterment among late modern urban girls. In MadsenL. M.MøllerJ. S.JørgensenJ. N. (Eds.), Ideological constructions and enregisterment of linguistic youth styles. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism, vol. 55 (pp. 81-113). Copenhagen, Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
23.
MakoniS.PennycookA. (2006). Disinventing and reconstituting languages. In MakoniS.PennycookA. (Eds.), Disinventing and reconstituting languages (pp. 1-41). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
24.
MøllerJ. S. (2009). Poly-lingual interaction across childhood, youth and adulthood. University of Copenhagen.
25.
MøllerJ. S.JørgensenJ. N. (2011). Enregisterment among adolescents in superdiverse Copenhagen. In MøllerJ. S.JørgensenJ. N. (Eds.), Language enregisterment and attitudes. Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualismvol. 63. (pp. 99-122). Copenhagen, Denmark: University of Copenhagen.
26.
MooreR. E.PietikäinenS.BlommaertJ. (2010). Counting the losses: Numbers as the language of language endangerment. Sociolinguistic Studies, 4(1), 1-26.
27.
NortierJ. (2001). “Fawaka, what’s up?” Language use among adolescents in monoethnic and ethnically mixed groups. In HvenekildeA.NortierJ. (Eds.), Meeting at the crossroads. Studies of multilingualism and multiculturalism in Oslo and Utrecht (pp. 61-72). Oslo, Norge: Novus.
28.
OtsujiE.PennycookA. (2010). Metrolingualism: Fixity, fluidity and language in flux. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7(3), 240-254.
29.
RamptonB. (1995). Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London, UK: Longman.
30.
SilversteinM. (1979). Language structure and linguistic ideology. In ClyneP. R.HanksW. F.HofbauerC. L. (Eds.), The elements, a parasession on linguistic units and levels (pp. 193-248). Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Linguistics Society.
31.
SilversteinM. (1985). Language and the culture of gender: At the intersection of structure, usage, and ideology. In MertzE.ParmentierR. J. (Eds.), Semiotic mediation. Sociocultural and psychological perspectives (pp. 219-259). Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.
StæhrA. (2010). “Rappen reddede os” – Et studie af senmoderne storbydrenges identitetsarbejde i fritids – og skolemiljøer. Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed, 54. København, Danmark: Københavns Universitet.
34.
Undervisningsministeriet. (2005). Undervisning i dansk af danske børn bosat i udlandet. En vejledning. Retrieved from http://pub.uvm.dk/1998/udlandet/
35.
VertovecS. (2006). The emergence of super-diversity in Britain. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, Working Paper No. 25. University of Oxford.
36.
VertovecS. (2007). New complexities of cohesion in Britain: Super-diversity, transnationalism and civil-integration. London: Commission on Integration and Cohesion.
