Orthopedic rehabilitation can significantly extend the ability of patients with selected neuromuscular diseases to stand and walk. Surgery is designed to release contracture and correct deformity. Bracing stabilizes the lower extremities and provides torso-pelvic balance. Orthopedic and physiatric methods should be part of the aggressive rehabilitation of these patients.
Siegel IMMuscle and its diseases. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1986.
2.
Johnson EW, Kennedy JHComprehensive management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1971;52:110-4.
3.
Siegel IMOrthopedic correction of musculoskeletal deformity in muscular dystrophy . In: Griggs TC, Moxley RT III, eds. Treatmeut of neuromuscular diseases . (Advances in neurology, vol 17.) New York: Raven Press, 1973:343-64.
4.
Bonsett CAStudies of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1969.
5.
Johnson EWPathokinesiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Implications of management . Arch Phys Med Rehabil1977;58:4-7.
6.
Sutherland DH , Olshen R., Cooper L., et al. The pathomechanics of gait in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Med Child Neurol1981 ;23:3-22.
7.
Hsu JDManagement of foot deformity in Duchenne's pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy . Orthop Clin North Am1976;7:979-84.
8.
Spencer GE Jr.Orthopaedic care of progressive muscular dystrophy. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]1957;49:1201-4.
9.
Roy I., Gibson DAPseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy and its surgical management: Review of 30 patients. Can J Surg1970;13:13-21.
10.
Kottke FJThe effects of limitation of activity upon the human body. JAMA1966;196:117-20.
11.
Cobham IG, Davis HSAnesthesia for muscular dystrophy patients. Anesth Analg1964;43:22-9.
12.
Siegel IMDiagnosis, management and orthopaedic treatment of muscular dystrophy: Instructional course lectures. Am Acad Orthop Surg1981;30:3-35.
13.
Drennan J.Orthopaedic management of neuromuscular disorders. Philadelphia : JB Lippincott, 1983 .
14.
Siegel IMEquinocavovarus in muscular dystrophy. Arch Surg1972;104:644-6.
15.
Falewski de Leon G.Maintenance of mobility. Isr J Med Sci1977;13:177-82.
16.
Siegel IMThe clinical management of muscle disease. London : William Heinemann, 1977.
17.
Siegel IMPlastic-molded knee-ankle-foot orthoses in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1975;56:322.
18.
Hyde SA, Scott OM, Goddard CM, Dubowitz V.Prolongation of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by appropriate orthoses . Physiotherapy1982; 68:105-8.
19.
Vignos PJ Jr. Rehabilitation in progressive muscular dystrophy. In: Licht S, ed. Rehabilitation and medicine. New Haven: Elizabeth Licht, 1968 :584-642.
20.
Lehmann JFBiomechanics of ankle-foot orthoses: Prescription and design. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1979; 60:200-7.
21.
Radin E., Simon S., Rose R., Paul ILPractical biomechanics for the orthopedic surgeon. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979 .
22.
Rochelle J. , Bowen JR, Ray S.Pediatric foot deformities in progressive neuromuscular disease. Contemp Orthop1984 ;8:41-50.
23.
Samilson RLCalcaneocavus feet: A plan of management in children. Orthop Rev1981;10:121-4.
24.
Siegel IMPostural substitution in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. JAMA1982;247-84.
25.
Ramsey PL, Hensinger RNCongenital dislocation of the hip associated with central core disease . J Bone Joint Surg1975;57A:648-51.
26.
Ray S., Bowen JR, Marks HGCongenital dislocation of the hip and hip dysplasia in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Contemp Orthop1985;11:19-23.
27.
Cochran G., Van B.A primer of orthopaedic biomechanics. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1982.
Vignos PJ Jr, Wagner MB, Kaplan JS, Spencer GEPredicting the success of reambulation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]1983 ;65:719-28.
30.
Johnson EW, Kennedy JHComprehensive management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil1971;52:110-4.
