Participants with prediabetes were supported to achieve and maintain weight loss with a stage-based behavior change group program named PREview behavior Modification Intervention Toolbox (PREMIT). The tendency to engage in a process of goal adjustment was examined in relation to PREMIT attendance. Analyses were based on 1857 participants who had achieved ⩾8percent weight loss. Tendency to engage in a process of goal adjustment appeared not to be influenced by PREMIT attendance. Instead, results suggested that when unsure about reaching an intervention goal, participants were more likely to engage in a process of goal adjustment, possibly lessening distress due to potentially unachievable goals, either weight loss or maintenance.
American Diabetes Association (2011) Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care34(Suppl. 1): S11–S61.
2.
BanduraA (1991) Self-regulation of motivation through anticipatory and self-reactive mechanisms. In: DienstbierRA (ed.) Perspectives on Motivation, vol. 38. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 69–164.
3.
ChristensenPMeinert LarsenTWesterterp-PlantengaM, et al. (2018) Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss: Metabolic outcomes of a multi-centre intervention study after a low-energy diet in 2500 overweight, individuals with pre-diabetes (PREVIEW). Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism20: 2840–2851.
4.
DeciELRyanRM (2000) The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry11(4): 227–268.
5.
DendupTFengXClinganS, et al. (2018) Environ-mental risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health15(1): 78.
6.
European Social Survey (ESS) (2015) ESS round 7 (2014/2015). Technical report, ESS ERIC, London.
7.
FogelholmMLarsenTMWesterterp-PlantengaM, et al. (2017) PREVIEW: Prevention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies in Europe and around the world. Design, methods, and baseline participant description of an adult cohort enrolled into a three-year randomised clinical trial. Nutrients9(6): 632.
8.
GlasgowRVogtTBolesS (1999) Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: The RE-AIM framework. American Journal of Public Health89(9): 1322–1327.
9.
GoodeRWYeLSereikaSM, et al. (2016) Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and psychosocial predictors of attrition across behavioral weight-loss trials. Eating Behaviors20: 27–33.
10.
GuariguataLWhitingDRHambletonI, et al. (2014) Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice103(2): 137–149.
11.
KahlertDUnyi-ReicherzAStrattonG, et al. (2016) PREVIEW behavior modification intervention toolbox (PREMIT): A study protocol for a psychological element of a multicenter project. Frontiers in Psychology7: 1136.
12.
LindströmJLouherantaAMannelinM, et al. (2003) The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS): Lifestyle intervention and 3-year results on diet and physical activity. Diabetes Care26(12): 3230–3236.
13.
McGuireHLongsonDAdlerA, et al. (2016) Management of type 2 diabetes in adults: Summary of updated NICE guidance. British Medical Journal353: i1575.
14.
MichieSJohnstonMFrancisJ, et al. (2008) From theory to intervention: Mapping theoretically derived behavioural determinants to behaviour change techniques. Applied Psychology57(4): 660–680.
15.
PanX-RLiGWHuYH, et al. (1997) Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care20(4): 537–544.
16.
TamayoTRosenbauerJWildSH, et al. (2014) Diabetes in Europe: An update. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice103(2): 206–217.
17.
WroschC (2010) Self-regulation of unattainable goals and pathways to quality of life. In: FolkmanS (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 319–333.
18.
WroschCMillerGEScheierMF, et al. (2007) Giving up on unattainable goals: Benefits for health?Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin33(2): 251–265.
19.
WroschCScheierMFMillerGE (2013) Goal adjustment capacities, subjective well-being, and physical health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass7(12): 847–860.
20.
WroschCScheierMFCarverCS, et al. (2003a) The importance of goal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: When giving up is beneficial. Self and Identity2: 1–20.
21.
WroschCScheierMFMillerGE, et al. (2003b) Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal reengagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin29: 1494–1508.
