Sleep disorders are symptoms of many diseases. Persons suffering from multiple morbidities are affected most. We investigated the relationship between sleep and activities using assessment data of 2577 German nursing home residents. In total, 37.3 percent were affected by insomnia, 29.6 percent by non-restful sleep. We used SEM to analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and activities. Residents with sleep problems exhibited low levels of activities and social engagement and high levels of communication impairment and interpersonal conflicts. They received less activation than persons without sleep disorders. We found significant evidence that sleep disturbances and lack of activities influence each other negatively.
Alessi, C.A., Martin, L., Webber, A.P., Kim, E.C., Harker, J.O., & Josephson, K.R. (2005). A randomized, controlled trial of nonpharmacological intervention to improve abnormal sleep/wake patterns in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 803-810.
2.
Alessi, C.A., Schnelle, J.F., MacRae, P.G., Ouslander, J., Al-Samarrai, N., Simmons, S.F., & Traub, S. ( 1995). Does physical activity improve sleep in impaired nursing home residents? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 43, 1098-1102.
3.
Alessi, C.A., Yoon, E.J., Schnelle, J.F., Al-Samarrai, N.R., & Cruise, P.A. ( 1999). A randomized trial of a combined physical activity and environmental intervention in nursing home residents: Do sleep and agitation improve? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 784-791.
4.
Ancoli-Israel, S., & Cooke, J.R. ( 2005). Prevalence and comorbidity of insomnia and effect on functioning in elderly population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 264-271.
5.
Ancoli-Israel, S., Parker, L., Sinaee, R., Fell, R.L., & Kripke, D.F. ( 1989). Sleep fragmentation in patients from a nursing home. Journal of Gerontology, 44, M18-M21.
6.
Avidan, A.Y., Fries, B.E., James, M.L., Szafara, K.L., Wright, G.T., & Chervin, R.D. ( 2005). Insomnia and hypnotic use, recorded in the minimum data set, as predictors of falls and hip fractures in Michigan nursing homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 955-962.
7.
Benloucif, S., Orbeta, L., Ortiz, R., Janssen, I., Finkel, S.I., Bleberg, J., & Zee, P.C. ( 2004). Morning or evening activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults. Sleep, 27, 1542-1551.
8.
Burrows, A.B., Morris, J.N., Simon, S.E., Hirdes, J.P., & Phillips, C.D. (2000). Development of a minimum data set-based depression rating scale for use in nursing homes. Age and Ageing, 29, 165-172.
9.
Buysse, D.J. ( 2004). Insomnia sleep and mood interaction in older adults. Geriatrics, 59, 47-50.
10.
Carpenter, G.I., Gill, S., Patter, J.M., & Maxwell, C. ( 1999). A comparison of MDS/RAI activity of daily living, cognitive performance and depression scales with widely used scales (Abstract). Age and Ageing, 28(Suppl. 2), 29.
11.
Dowling, G.A., Hubbard, E.M., Mastirck, J., Luxenberg, J.S., Burr, R.L., & van Someren, E.-J. (2004). Effect of morning bright light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatric Association, 17, 221-236.
12.
Frederiksen, K., Tariot P., & de Jonghe, E. ( 1996). Minimum Data Set Plus (MDS+) scores compared with scores from five rating scales. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 305-309.
13.
Garms-Homolová, V., & Gilgen, R. (Eds.). (2000). RAI 2.0 Resident Assessment Instrument: Beurteilung, Dokumentation und Pflegeplanung in der Langzeitpflege und geriatrischen Rehabilitation. Bern: Hans Huber.
14.
Gerritsen, D.L., Steverink, N., Frijters, D.H., Hirdes, J.P., Ooms, M.E., & Ribbe, M.W. ( 2008). A revised index for social engagement for long-term care . Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 34, 40-48.
15.
Hajak, G., Lange, K., & Ibach, B. (2005). Schlaf und Schlafstörungen im Alter. In M. Bergener, H. Hampel, H.-J. Möller, & M. Zauch (Eds.), Gerontopsychiatrie. Grundlagen, Klinik, Praxis (pp. 666-702). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
16.
Hartmaier, S.L., Sloane, P.D., Guess, H.A., Kock, G.G., Mitchell, C.M., & Phillips, C.D. (1995). Validation of the Minimum Data Set Cognitive Performance Scale: Agreement with the mini-mental state examination. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 50, M128-M133.
17.
Jacobs, D., Ancoli-Israel, S., Parker, L., & Kripke, D.F. ( 1989). Twenty-four hours sleep-wake patterns in a nursing home population. Psychology of Aging, 4, 352-356.
18.
Landi, F., Russo, A., & Bernabei, R. ( 2004). Physical activity and behaviour in the elderly: A pilot study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 9(Suppl.), 235-241.
19.
Lee, Y., & Kim, S. ( 2007). Effects of indoor gardening on sleep: Agitation, and cognition in dementia patients. A pilot study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 485-489.
20.
Makhlouf, M.M., Ayoub, A.I., & Abdel-Fattah, M.M. (2007). Insomnia symptoms and their correlates among the elderly in geriatric homes in Alexandria, Egypt . Sleep & Breath, 11, 187-194.
21.
Martin, J.L., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (2008). Sleep disturbances in long-term care. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 24, 39-50.
22.
Martin, J.L., Marler, M.R., Harker, J.O., Josephson, K.R., & Alessi, C.A. ( 2007). A multicomponent nonpharmacological intervention improves activity rhythms among nursing home residents with disrupted sleep/wake patterns . Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 62, 67-72.
23.
Montgomery, P., & Dennis, J. ( 2002). Physical exercise for sleep problems in adults aged 60+ . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews4.
24.
Mor, V., Branco, K., Fleishman, J., Hawes, C., Phillips, C., Morris, J., & Fries, B. ( 1995). The structure of social engagement among nursing home residents. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50, P1-P8.
Morris, J., Murphy, K., Nonemaker, S., Hawes, C., Phillips, C., Fries, B., & Mor, V. ( 1995). Long Term Care Resident Assessment Instrument: Users manual 2.0. Columbia: interRAI & Chappel Hill, NC: Research Tringle Institute.
27.
Naylor, E., Penev, P.D., Orbeta, L., Janssen, I., Ortiz, R., Colecchia, E.F., … Zee, P.C. ( 2000). Daily social and physical activity increases slow-wave sleep and daytime neurophysiological performance in the elderly. Sleep, 23, 87-95.
28.
Neale, M.C. ( 1994). Mx: Statistical modeling. Box 710 MCV. Richmond: VA 23298: Department of Psychiatry.
29.
Ohayon, M.M., & Vecchierini, M.-F. (2005). Normative sleep data, cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults in the community. Sleep, 28, 981-989.
30.
Ohayon, M.M., Zuley, J., Guilleminault, C., Smirne, S., & Priest, R. ( 2001). How age and daytime activities are related to insomnia in the general population: Consequences for older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 360-366.
31.
Ouslander, J., Connell, B.R., Bliwise, D.L., Endeshaw, Y., Griffiths, P., & Schnelle, J.F. (2006). Nonpharmacological intervention to improve sleep in nursing home patients: Results of a controlled clinical trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54, 38-47.
32.
Richards, K.C., Beck, C., O’Sullivan, P.S., & Shue, V.M. ( 2005). Effect of individualized social activity on sleep in nursing home residents with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 1510-1517.
33.
Schnelle, J.F., Alessi, C.A., Al-Samarrai, N.R., Fricker, R.D., & Ouslander, J.G. (1999). The nursing home at night: Effects of an intervention on noise, light, and sleep. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 430-438.
34.
Statistisches Bundesamt [Federal Office of Statistics]. ( 2009). Pflegestatistik 2007-Pflege im Rahmen der Pflegeversicherung-Ländervergleich Pflegeheim [Statistics on long-term care 2007-provision of care in facilities within the scope of long-term care benefits- comparison of nursing homes in federal states]. Retrieved June 15, 2009, from https://www.ec.destatis.de/csp/shop/sfg/bpm.html.cms.cBroker.cls?cmspath=struktur,vollanzeige.csp&ID=1023653
