Combining top-level sport and education has turned out to be one way of keeping competitive sports at the international level in several countries. The best-known examples of combining sports training and education are the elite sports boarding schools found in the former Soviet Union. Discussion of educational possibilities for athletes has emerged in many countries since the 1960s. This review analyses from a historical and comparative perspective how top-level training and education leading to a degree were integrated in three countries.
Carlson, R. (1991) V‰gen till landslaget.Stockholm: Hogskolan for l‰rarutbildning i Stockholm.
2.
Dunstan, J. (1978) Paths to Excellence and the Soviet School.Windsor: NFER.
3.
Dunstan, J. (1980) ‘Soviet Boarding Education’, in J. Brine et al. Home, School and Leisure in the Soviet Union,pp. 110–141. London: George Allen & Unwin.
4.
Eriksson, S. (1989) Elitidrott–Utbildning.Molndal: Goteborgs universitet.
5.
Jefferies, S. (1983) Youth Sport in the Soviet Union.Eugene: University of Oregon.
6.
Johansson, M. (1981) Forsokverksamheten med kombination av gymnasieskolstudier och elitidrott.UmeÂ: Universitet i UmeÂ.
7.
Johansson, M. and Blomqvist, P. (1976) Elitidrott–Utbildning.÷stersund: Socialhogskolan i ÷stersund.
8.
Juurtola, T. (1977) Suomen urheiluopisto 1927–1977.Lahti: Suomen urheiluopisto.
9.
Matthews, M. (1983) ‘Long Trends in Soviet Education’, in J. Tomiak (ed.) Soviet Education in the 1980s,pp. 1–23. London: Croom Helm.
10.
Mets‰-Tokila, T. (2001a) Koulussa ja kent‰ll‰.Turku: University of Turku.
11.
Mets‰-Tokila, T. (2001b) ‘Urheilija ja opiskelija’, Liikunta ja tiede38(3–4): 53–57.
12.
Olsen, M. (1978) The Process of Social Organization: Power in Social System, 2nd edn.Dallas, TX: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
13.
Pelkonen, R. (1994) Tervetuloa luokaton lukio.Vantaa: Pelquin kustannus.
14.
Pelkonen, R. (1998) Meid‰n M‰rsky.Vantaa: Pelquin kustannus.
15.
Riordan, J. (1980) Soviet Sport.London: Basil Blackwell.
16.
Riordan, J. (1988) ‘Giftedness in Sport’, in J. Riordan (ed.) Soviet Education,pp. 95–121. London: Routledge.
17.
Riordan, J. (1991) Sport, Politics and Communism.Manchester: Manchester University Press.
18.
Riordan, J. (1993) ‘Rewriting Soviet Sports History’, Journal of Sports History20(3): 247–258.
19.
Ruism‰ki, L. (1997) Kuortaneen keskikoulusta urheilulukioon.Kuortane: Kuortaneen lukio.
20.
Sage, G. (1991) Power and Ideology in American Sport.Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
