Britain's two major parties have rediscovered their members. For a variety of reasons both the Labour and Conservative parties have adopted pro-active recruitment strategies. At the same time, they have introduced direct democracy as an important part of their internal procedures. A detailed study of Labour's reforms suggests various possible implications for the future, including the fact that the plebiscitarian party might be an increasingly common feature in modern democracies.
Beer, Samuel (1965) Modern British Politics. London: Faber and Faber.
2.
Blair, Tony (1996) New Labour New Britain. London: Labour Party.
3.
Butler, David and Anthony King (1966) The British General Election of 1966. London: Macmillan.
4.
Butler, David and Dennis Kavanagh (1988) The British General Election of 1987. London: Macmillan.
5.
Coates, Ken and Hugh Kerr (1998) The Need for an Independent Labour Network. Nottingham: Russell Press.
6.
Conservative Party (1998) The Fresh Future. London: Conservative Party.
7.
Denver, David and Gordon Hands (1997) Modern Constituency Electioneering. London: Cass.
8.
Duverger, Maurice (1954) Political Parties. London: Methuen.
9.
Epstein, Leon (1967) Political Parties in Western Democracies. London: Pall Mall.
10.
Hirschmann, Albert (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11.
Johnston, Ron and Charles Pattie (1995) `The Impact of Spending on Party Constituency Campaigns at Recent British General Elections', Party Politics1: 261-273.
12.
Johnston, Ron and Charles Pattie (1998) `Campaigning and Advertising: An Evaluation of the Components of Constituency Activism at Recent British General Elections', British Journal of Political Science26(4): 677-693.
13.
Labour Party (1976) Labour's Programme. London: Labour Party.
14.
Labour Party (1990) Democracy and Policy Making for the 1990s. London: Labour Party.
15.
Labour Party (1997a) Labour into Power: A Framework for Partnership. London: Labour Party.
16.
Labour Party (1997b) Partnership in Power. London: Labour Party.
17.
Labour Party (1998) Letter to individual members.
18.
Mair, Peter (1997) Party System Change. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
19.
Mandelson, Peter and Roger Liddle (1996) The Blair Revolution. London: Faber.
20.
McKenzie, Robert (1964) British Political Parties. London: Mercury.
21.
Minkin, Lewis (1978) The Labour Party Conference. London: Allen Lane.
22.
Minkin, Lewis (1991) The Contentious Alliance. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
23.
Panebianco, Angelo (1988) Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24.
Seyd, Patrick and Paul Whiteley (1992) Labour's Grass Roots: The Politics of Party Membership. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25.
Webb, Beatrice and Sydney Webb (1902) Industrial Democracy. London: Longmans Green.
26.
Whiteley, Paul and Patrick Seyd (1998a) `New Labour - New Grassroots Party?', Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Political Studies Association, University of Keele.
27.
Whiteley, Paul and Patrick Seyd (1998b) `The Dynamics of Party Activism in Britain: A Spiral of Demobilization?', British Journal of Political Science28: 113-137.
28.
Whiteley, Paul and Patrick Seyd (1998c) `New Labour, New Party?', Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston.
29.
Whiteley, Paul and Patrick Seyd (2000) The Dynamics of the British Party System. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
30.
Whiteley, Paul , Patrick Seyd and Jeremy Richardson (1994) True Blues: The Politics of Conservative Party Membership. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
