Social representation theory is scrutinized for its capacity to ask new questions and to give new answers to social psychological problems. Its social constructionist implications and relationship to brute facts are investigated. It is shown that social representations result from collective symbolic coping with 'brute' facts. Consequently representations create the domesticated world of social objects which implies considering activity as part of a representation. Culture change in modern societies is shown to produce 'cognitive polyphasia' by adding alternative representations to existing ones instead of replacing them.
Ajzen, I.
(1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
2.
Alexander, J.C.
(1995). Fin de sie'cle social theory. London: Verso.
3.
Bauer, M.
(1995). Resistance to new technology and its effects on nuclear power, information technology and biotechnology. In M. Bauer (Ed.), Resistance to new technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4.
Berger, P.
, & Luckmann, T. (1979). The social construction of reality. Harmondsworth: Peregrine. (Original work published in 1966)
5.
Borneman, J.
(1992). Belonging in the two Berlins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6.
Brandstatter, H.
, & Wagner, W. (1994). Erwerbstatigkeit der Frau und Alltagsbefinden von Ehepartnern im Zeitverlauf [The work of women and spouses' well-being over time]. Zeitschrift Sozialpsychologie, 25, 126-146.
7.
Chombart de Lauwe, P.-H. (1963). Lafemme dans la societe: Son image dans diffefrents milieux sociaux [Woman in society: Her image in different social milieux]. Paris: CNRS.
8.
Cranach, M. von
, Kalbermatten, U., Indermuhle, K., & Gugler, B. (1980). Zielgerichtetes Handeln [Goal-directed action]. Bern: Huber.
9.
Danziger, K.
(1997). Naming the mind. London: Sage.
10.
Diamond, J.
(1997). Guns, germs and steel: Thefates of human societies. London: Cape.
11.
Douglas, M.
(1982). In the active voice. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
12.
Edwards, D.
, & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive psychology. London: Sage.
13.
Farr, R.
(1993). The theory of social representations: Whence and whither?Papers on Social Representations, 2, 130-138.
14.
Farr, R.
(1996). The roots of modern social psychology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
15.
Festinger, L.
(1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 40, 427-448.
16.
Fournier, M.
, Schurmans, M.-N., & Dasen, P.R. (1994). Utilisation de langues differentes dans l'etude des representations sociales [The use of different languages in a study of social representations]. Papers on Social Representations, 3, 152-165.
17.
Galeano, E.
(1983). Die offenen Adern Lateinamerikas [The open veins of Latin America]. Wuppertal: Hammer.
18.
Gaskell, G.
et al. (1997, 26 June). Europe ambivalent on biotechnology. Nature, 387, 845-848.
19.
Gergen, K.J.
(1985). The social constructionist movement in modem psychology. American Psychologist, 40, 266-275.
20.
Gergen, K.J.
(1994). Realities and relationships: Soundings in social construction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
21.
Gervais, M.-C. (1997). Social representations of nature: The case of the Braer oil spill in Shetland. PhD thesis, London School of Economics.
22.
Giddens, A.
(1990). The consequences of modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
23.
Gross, P.R.
, & Levitt, N. (1994). Higher superstition. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
24.
Gustavsson, A.
(1996). Reforms and everyday meanings of intellectual disability. In J. Tossebro, A. Gustavsson, & G. Dyrendahl (Eds.), Intellectual disabilities in the Nordic welfare states. Kristiansand: H0yskole Forlaget.
25.
Gustavsson, A.
(1997). Integration, stigma and autonomy: Bright and dark sides of the subculture of integration. In A. Gustavsson & E. Zakrzewska Manterys (Eds.), Social definitions of disability. Warsaw: Zak.
26.
Hacking, I.
(1992). World-making by kind-making: Child abuse for example. In M. Douglas & D. Hull (Eds.), How classification works. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
27.
Hacking, I.
(1995) The looping effects of human kinds. In D. Sperber, D. Premack, & A.J. Premack (Eds.), Causal cognition. Oxford: Clarendon.
28.
Harre, R.
, & Stearns, P. (1995). Discursive psychology in practice. London: Sage.
29.
Herzlich, C.
(1973). Health and illness: A social psychological analysis. London: Academic Press.
30.
Himmelweit, H.T.
(1990). Societal psychology: Implications and scope. In H.T. Himmelweit & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Societal psychology. London: Sage.
31.
Jodelet, D.
(1989). Folies et representations sociales [Madness and social representations]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
32.
Jovchelovitch, S.
(1996). In defence of representations. Journalfor the Theory of Social Behaviour, 26, 121-136.
33.
Jovchelovitch, S.
(1997). Peripheral communities and the transformation of social representations. Social Psychological Review, 1, 16-26.
34.
Kaes, R. (1996). La culture: Son image chez les ouvriers Fran,ais [Culture: Its image among French workers]. Nanterre: Universite de Nanterre.
35.
Kaufmann, F.-X.
(1995). Zukunft der Familie im vereinten Deutschland: Gesellschaftliche und politische Bedingungen [The future of the family in the united Germany: Societal and political conditions]. Munich: Beck.
36.
Kuhn, T.S.
(1977). Neue Uberlegungen zum Begriff des Paradigma [Second thoughts on paradigms]. In L. Kruger (Ed.), Die Entstehung des Neuen [The origin of the new]. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
37.
Lahlou, S.
(1998). Penser manger [To think eating]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
38.
Lakoff, G.
, & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
39.
Lingle, J.H.
, Altom, M.W., & Medin, D.L. (1984). Of cabbages and kings: Assessing the extendability of natural concept models to social things. In R.S. Wyer, Jr., & T.K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
40.
Lloyd, B.
, & Duveen, G. (1992). Gender identities and education. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
41.
Markus, H.
, & Zajonc, R.B. (1985). The cogtive perspective in social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Random House.
42.
Mehan, H.
(1996). Beneath the skin and between the ears: A case study in the politics of representation. In S. Chaiklin & J. Lave (Eds.), Understanding practice: Perspectives on activity and context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43.
Moscovici, S. (1961/1976). La psychanalyse: Son image et son public [The image and public of psychoanalysis]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (2nd ed. 1976).
44.
Moscovici, S.
(1963). Attitudes and opinions. Annual Review of Psychology, 14, 231-260.
45.
Moscovici, S.
(1982). The coming era of social representations. In J.P. Codol & J.P. Leyens (Eds.), Cognitive approaches to social behaviour. The Hague: Nijhoff.
46.
Moscovici, S.
(1985). The age of the crowd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47.
Moscovici, S.
(1988). Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 211-250.
48.
Moscovici, S.
(1992). The psychology of scientific myths. In M. von Cranach, W. Doise, & G. Mugny (Eds.), Social representations and the social bases of knowledge. Lewiston, NY: Hogrefe & Huber.
49.
Moscovici, S.
(1995). Geschichte und Aktualitat sozialer Reprasentationen [History and actuality of social representations]. In U. Flick (Ed.), Psychologie des Sozialen [Psychology of the social]. Reinbeck: Rowohlt.
50.
Mugny, G.
, & Carugati, F. (1989). Social representations of intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51.
Ostrom, T.M.
(1984). The sovereignty of social cognition. In R.S. Wyer & T.K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
52.
Potter, J.
(1996). Representing reality: Discourse, rhetoric and social construction. London: Sage.
53.
Putnam, H.
(1990). Realism with a human face. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
54.
Quine, W.V.
(1969). Ontological relativity and other essays. New York: Columbia University Press.
55.
Ratner, C.
(1996). Activity as a key concept for cultural psychology. Culture & Psychology, 2, 407-434.
56.
Sato, T.
(1993). Bloodtyping as a lay personality theory. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 8, 197-208.
57.
Sato, T.
& Watanabe, Y. (1995). The Furukawa theory of blood-type and temperament: The origin of a temperament theory during the 1920s. Japanese Journal of Personality, 3, 51-65.
58.
Searle, J.R.
(1995). The construction of social reality. London: Allen Lane.
59.
Shotter, J.
(1993). Conversational realities. London: Sage.
60.
Singer, J.E.
(1980). Social comparison: The process of self-evaluation. In L. Festinger (Ed.), Retrospections on social psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
61.
Sperber, D.
(1986). Issues in the ontology of culture. In B. Marcus et al. (Eds.), Logic, methodology and philosophy of science, VII. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
62.
Sugiman, T.
(1997). A new theoretical perspective of group dynamics. In K. Leung, U. Kim, S. Yamaguchi, & Y. Kashima (Eds.), Progress in Asian social psychology, Vol. 1. Singapore: Wiley.
63.
Sykes, J.B.
(Ed.). (1976). The concise Oxford dictionary of current English (6th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon.
64.
Tajfel, H.
(1975). Soziales Kategorisieren [Social categorising]. In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Forschungsgebiete der Sozialpsychologie, Band 1 [Fields of research of social psychology, Vol. 1]. Frankfurt: Fischer-Athenaum.
65.
Thommen, B.
, Ammann, R., & Cranach, M. von (1988). Handlungsorganisation durch soziale Reprdsentationen: Welchen EinfluJ3 haben therapeutische Schulen auf das Handeln ihrer Mitglieder? [Organization of action by social representations: How do schools in therapy influence action of their members?]Bern: Huber.
66.
Tyler, S.A.
(1978). The said and the unsaid. New York: Academic Press.
67.
Valsiner, J.
(1994). Uses of common-sense and ordinary language in psychology and beyond. In J. Siegfried (Ed.), The status of common-sense in psychology. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
68.
Valsiner, J.
(1996). Review note. Culture & Psychology, 2, 493-499.
69.
Verges, P.
(1989). Representations sociales de l'economie: Une forme de connaisance [Social representations of the economy: A form of knowledge]. In D. Jodelet (Ed.), Les representations sociales [Social representations]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
70.
Wagner, W.
(1994a). Fields of research and socio-genesis of social representations: A discussion of criteria and diagnostics. Social Science Information, 33, 199-228.
71.
Wagner, W.
(1994b). The fallacy of misplaced intentionally in social representation research. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 24, 243-266.
72.
Wagner, W.
(1995). Everyday folk-politics, sensibleness and the explanation of action: An answer to Cranach. Journalfor the Theory of Social Behaviour, 25, 295-302.
73.
Wagner, W.
(1996a). Queries about social representation and construction. Journalfor the Theory of Social Behaviour, 26, 95-120.
74.
Wagner, W.
(1996b). Belief in sympathetic magic and genetically modified food. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Social Representations, Aix-en-Provence.
75.
Wagner, W.
(1997). Local knowledge, social representations and psychological theory. In K. Leung, U. Kim, S. Yamaguchi, & Y. Kashima (Eds.), Progress in Asian social psychology, Vol. 1. Singapore: Wiley.
76.
Wagner, W., Duveen, G., Verma, J., & Themel, M. (1997). The modernization of tradition: Thinking about madness in Patna, India. Manuscript submitted for publication.
77.
Wagner, W.
, Elejabarrieta, F., & Lahnsteiner, I. (1995). How the sperm dominates the ovum. Objectification by metaphor in the social representation of conception. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 671-688.
78.
Wetherell, M.
, & Potter, J. (1992). Mapping the language of racism. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
79.
Wilk, L.
(1995). Familie in der 'postmoderne' [The family in postmodernity]. In R. Gisser, L. Reiter, H. Schattowits, & L. Wilk (Eds.), Lebenswelt Familie [The life-world of the family]. Vienna: Bundesministerium fur Jugend und Familie.
80.
Wittgenstein, L.
(1953). Philosophical investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.
