Indentation response of sandwich panels with positive gradient metallic cellular core

Abstract

This paper deals with the plastic indentation of sandwich panels with positive gradient metallic cellular core under a spherical indenter. The gradient metallic cellular material has an increasing plateau stress. Under quasi-static compression, the crushing stress of gradient metallic cellular material cannot be assumed as a constant like that of homogeneous metallic cellular material before densification. To predict the crushing stress of the gradient metallic cellular material, a novel predicting formula associated with densification strain is presented. And then a gradient analytical model for the sandwich panel with positive gradient metallic cellular core under the spherical indenter is developed based on the analytical model for sandwich panel with homogeneous core. Finite element simulation is carried out in order to verify the analytical results. The influence of positive gradient metallic cellular core on the indentation force of the sandwich panel is further analyzed.

Keywords

Sandwich panel positive gradient cellular material indentation response energy absorption

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Pollien

Conde

Pambaguian

. Graded open-cell aluminium foam core sandwich beams. Mater Sci Eng A 2005; 404: 9–18.

Scott

Dunand

. Metallic sandwiches with open porosity facings and closed porosity cores for SOFC interconnects. Mater Sci Eng A 2013; 585: 32–38.

Ali

Qamhiyah

Flugrad

. Theoretical and finite element study of a compact energy absorber. Adv Eng Softw 2008; 39: 95–106.

Ruan

Wang

. In-plane dynamic crushing of honeycombs—a finite element study. Int J Impact Eng 2003; 28: 161–182.

Brothers

Dunand

. Mechanical properties of a density-graded replicated aluminum foam. Mater Sci Eng A 2008; 489: 439–443.

Ajdari

Canavan

Nayeb-Hashemi

. Mechanical properties of functionally graded 2-D cellular structures: a finite element simulation. Mater Sci Eng A 2009; 499: 434–439.

Kiernan

Cui

Gilchrist

. Propagation of a stress wave through a virtual functionally graded foam. Int J Nonlinear Mech 2009; 44: 456–468.

Kiernan

Gilchrist

. Towards a virtual functionally graded foam: defining the large strain constitutive response of an isotropic closed cell polymeric cellular solid. Int J Eng Sci 2010; 48: 1373–1386.

Hassani

Habibolahzadeh

Bafti

. Production of graded aluminum foams via powder space holder technique. Mater Design 2012; 40: 510–515.

10.

Hangai

Takahashi

Yamaguchi

. Nondestructive observation of pore structure deformation behavior of functionally gradient aluminum foam by X-ray computed tomography. Mater Sci Eng A 2012; 556: 678–684.

11.

Hangai

Takahashi

Utsunomiy

. Fabrication of functionally graded aluminum foam using aluminum alloy die castings by friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 2012; 534: 716–719.

12.

Hangai

Saitoa

Utsunomiy

. Fabrication and compression properties of functionally graded foam with uniform pore structures consisting of dissimilar A1050 and A6061 aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 2014; 613: 163–170.

13.

Abrate

. Impact on composite structures, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

14.

Thomsen

. Theoretical and experimental investigations of local bending effects in sandwich plates. Compos Struct 1995; 30: 85–101.

15.

Anderson

Madenci

. Graphite/epoxy foam sandwich panels under quasi-static indentation. Eng Fract Mech 2000; 67: 329–344.

16.

Gdoutos

Daniel

Wang

. Indentation failure in composite sandwich structures. Exp Mech 2002; 42: 426–431.

17.

Koissin

Skvortsov

Krahmalev

. The elastic response of sandwich structures to local loading. Compos Struct 2004; 63: 375–385.

18.

Turk

Fatt

MSH

. Localized damage response of composite sandwich plates. Compos Part B Eng 1999; 30: 157–165.

19.

Koissin

Shipsha

Rizov

. The inelastic quasi-static response of sandwich structures to local loading. Compos Struct 2004; 64: 129–138.

20.

Rizov

Shipsha

Zenkert

. Indentation study of foam core sandwich composite panels. Compos Struct 2005; 69: 95–102.

21.

Navarro

Abrate

Aubry

. Analytical modeling of indentation of composite sandwich beam. Compos Struct 2013; 100: 79–88.

22.

Xie

Zheng

. Localized indentation of sandwich beam with metallic foam core. J Sandw Struct Mater 2012; 14: 197–210.

23.

Xie

Zheng

. Localized indentation of sandwich panels with metallic foam core: analytical models for two types of indenters. Compos Part B Eng 2013; 44: 212–217.

24.

Griffith J and Vanzant H. Large deformation of circular membranes under static and dynamic loads. In: Proceedings of the first international congress on experimental mechanics. New York, 1963. OXFORD: Pergamon Press, pp.99–109.

25.

Zaera

Arias

Navarro

. Analytical modelling of metallic circular plates subjected to impulsive loads. Int J Solids Struct 2002; 39: 659–672.

26.

Reid

Peng

. Dynamic uniaxial crushing of wood. Int J Impact Eng 1997; 19: 531–570.

27.

Gibson

Ashby

. Cellular solids: structure and properties, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

28.

Soden

. Indentation of composite sandwich beams. J Strain Anal Eng 1996; 31: 353–360.