In the past two decades, cultural diversity within police forces has increased. However, there is little research conducted on the impact of race on police officer attitudes toward police work. This study employed the multivariate technique of logistic regression to determine predictors of job satisfaction, burnout, and perception of unfair treatment. The findings indicate that African American police officers are more likely to feel criticized, more likely to believe they are perceived as militant, and less likely to feel negative or depressed about work.
Alex, N. (1969). Black and blue: A study of the Negro policeman. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
2.
Beard, E. (1977). The Black police in Washington, D.C.Journal of Police Science and Administration, 5, 48-52.
3.
Campbell, V. (1980). Double marginality of Black policemen. Criminology, 17, 477-484.
4.
Doerner, W. G. (1995). Officer retention patterns: An affirmative action concern for police agencies?American Journal of Police, 14, 197-210.
5.
Gaines, L. K., Kappeler, V. E., & Vaughn, J. B. (1999). Policing in America. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
6.
Gershon, R. (2000). Police stress and domestic violence in police families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 (ICPSR version) [Computer file]. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University [producer].
7.
Graf, F. (1986). The relationship between social support and occupational stress among police officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14, 178-186.
8.
Grier, K. (1982). A study of job stress in police officers and high school teachers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida.
9.
Haarr, R. N. (1997). Patterns of interaction in police patrol bureau: Race and gender barriers to integration. Justice Quarterly, 14, 53-85.
10.
Haarr, R. N., & Morash, M. (1999). Gender, race and strategies of coping with occupational stress in policing. Justice Quarterly, 16, 303-336.
11.
Hawkins, H. C. (2001). Police officer burnout: A partial replication of Maslach’s Burnout Inventory. Police Quarterly, 4, 343-360.
12.
Hunt, J. (1990). The logic of sexism among police. Women and Criminal Justice, 1, 3-30.
13.
Leinen, S. (1984). Black police, White society. New York: New York University Press.
14.
Lewis-Beck, M. (1990). Applied regression analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15.
Martelli, T., Walters, L., & Martelli, J. (1989). The Police Stress Survey: Reliability and relation to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Psychological Reports, 64, 267-273.
16.
Martin, S. E. (1980). Breaking and entering: Policewoman on patrol. Berkeley: University of California Press.
17.
Martin, S. E. (1990). Women on the move? A report on the status of women in policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
18.
Norvelle, N.,Belles, D.,& Hills, H. (1988). Perceived stress levels and physical symptoms in supervisory law enforcement personnel. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 16, 75-79.
19.
Polk, O. E. (1995). The effects of ethnicity on career paths of advanced/specialized law enforcement officers. American Journal of Police, 18, 1-21.
20.
Reiser, M. (1974). Some organizational stressors on police officers. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 2, 156-159.
21.
Stearns, G.M.,& Moore, R. J.(1993). The physical and psychological correlates of job burn-out in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 35, 127-148.
22.
Teahan, J. E. (1975). A longitudinal study of attitudinal shifts among Black and White police officers. Journal of Issues, 31, 47-55.
23.
Toch, H. (2002). Stress in policing.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
24.
Violanti, J. M. (1981). Police stress and coping: An organizational analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Buffalo, New York.
25.
Violanti, J. M., & Aron, F. (1993). Sources of police stressors, job attitudes and psychological distress. Psychological Reports, 72, 899-904.
26.
Violanti, J. M., & Aron, F. (1995). Police stressors: Variations in perception among police personnel. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, 287-294.
