Traditional tobacco products are harmful to the body, especially the respiratory system. In recent years, different kinds of novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products have emerged on the market and are becoming increasingly popular with young people. Some regulatory policies have been implemented, but the public still lacks a systematic understanding of the health risks of these novel products. To provide a summary of these topics to date, we performed a literature review, in which we summarized studies on novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products in terms of cell models, three-dimensional models, animal models, and population and their potential advantages and disadvantages, which will provide support for the market supervision and policy control and the comprehensive health risks of novel and emerging nicotine and tobacco products to the public.
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