The Audiologic Assessment of the Young Pediatric Patient: The Clinic

Berlin CI Bordelon J St. John P Wilensky D Hurley A Kluka E Hood LJ . (1998). Reversing click polarity may uncover auditory neuropathy in infants. Ear Hear 19:37–47.

Coats A Martin J . (1977). Human auditory nerve actin potentials and brainstem evoked responses: Effects of audiogram shape and lesion location. Arch Otolaryngol 103:605–622.

Diefendorf A . (1988). Behavioral evaluation of hearing-impaired children. In: Bess FN (ed). Hear Impairment in Children, York Press, Inc., Parkton, MD, 133–151.

Don M Eggermont J Brackman D . (1979). Reconstruction of the audiogram using brain stem responses and high-pass noise masking. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 88(Supplement 57):1–20.

Fjermedal O Laukli E . (1989). Pediatric auditory brainstem response and pure-tone audiometry: Threshold comparison. Aud 18:105–111.

Gans D Flexer C . (1982). Observer bias in the hearing testing of profoundly involved multiply handicapped children. Ear Hear 3:309–313.

Gorga M Kaminski J Beauchaine K Jesteadt W . (1988). Auditory brainstem responses to tone burst in normally hearing subjects. J Speech Hear Res 31:87–97.

Gorga M Neely S Ohlrich B Hoover B Redner J Peters J . (1997). From Laboratory to Clinic: A large scale study of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in ears with normal hearing and ears with hearing loss. Ear Hear 18:440–455.

Gorga M Thornton A . (1989). The choice of stimuli for ABR measurements. Ear Hear 10:217–230.

Gorga M Worthington D Reiland J Beauchaine K Goldgar D . (1985). Some comparisons between auditory brainstem response thresholds, latencies, and pure-tone audiogram. Ear Hear 6:105–112.

Hall JW III . (1992). Handbook of Auditory Evoked Responses. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, 87.

Hooks R Weber B . (1984). Auditory brain stem responses of premature infants to bone-conducted stimuli: A feasibility study. Ear Hear 5:42–46.

Hoversten G Moncur J . (1969). Stimuli and intensity factors in testing infants. J Speech Hear Res 12:687–702.

Kileny P Magathan M . (1987). Predictive value of ABR in infants and children with moderate to profound hearing impairment. Ear Hear 8:217–221.

Koebsell K Margolis R . (1986). Tympanometric gradient measured from normal pre-school children. Audiol 25:149–157.

Liden G Kankkunen A . (1969). Visual reinforcement audiometry. Acta Otolaryngol 67:281–292.

Ling D Ling A Doehring D . (1970). Stimulus response and observer variables in auditory screening of newborn infants. J Speech Hear Res 13:9–18.

Luterman D . (1984). Counseling Parents of Hearing-Children and Their Families. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, MA.

Luterman D . (1987). Deafness in the Family. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, MA.

Marchant C McMillan P Shurin P Johnson C Turczyk V Feinstein J Panek D . (1986). Objective diagnosis of otitis media in early infancy by tympanometry and ipsilateral acoustic reflex threshold. J Ped 109:590–595.

Margolis R Heller J . (1987). Screening tympanometry: Criteria for medical referral. Audiol 26:197–208.

Maudlin L Jerger J . (1979). Auditory brainstem evoked responses to bone-conducted signals. Arch Otolaryngol 105:656–661.

McClell RJ McCrea RS . (1979). Intersubject variability of the auditory evoked brainstem potentials. Audiol 18:462–471.

Møller K Blegvad B . (1976). Brainstem response in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Scand Audiol 5:115–127.

Moore J Wilson W Thompson G . (1977). Visual reinforcement of head-turn responses in infants under 12 months of age. J Speech Hear Dis 42:328–334.

Nozza R . (1995). Estimating the contribution of non-sensory factors to infant-adult differences in behavioral thresholds. Hear Res 91:72–78.

Nozza R Bluestone C Kardatzke N Bachman R . (1992). Towards the validation of aural acoustic immitance for diagnosis of middle ear effusion in children. Ear Hear 13:442–453.

Nozza R Sabo D Mandel E . (1997). A role for otoacoustic emissions in screening for hearing impairment and middle ear disorders in school age children. Ear Hear 18:227–239.

Nozza R Wilson W . (1984). Masked and unmasked pure-tone thresholds of infants and adults: Development of auditory frequency selectivity and sensitivity. J Speech Hear Res 27:613–622.

O'Donovan CA Beagley HA Shaw M . (1980). Latency of brainstem responses in children. Brit J Audiol 14:23–29.

Olsho L Koch E Carter E Halpin C Carter E . (1987). An observer based psychoacoustic procedure for use with young infants. Dev Psychol 23:627–641.

Olsho L Koch E Carter E Halpin C Spetner N . (1988). Pure-tone sensitivity of human infants. J Acoust Soc Amer 84:1316–1324.

Paradise J Smith C Bluestone C . (1976). Tympanometric detection of middle ear effusion in infants and young children. Ped 58:198–210.

Pickles J . (1988). An introduction to the physiology of hearing. Second Edition. Academic Press, New York.

Pratt H Bleich N . (1982). Auditory brain stem potentials evoked by clicks in notch-filtered noise. Electro-encephal Clin Neurophysiol 53:417–426.

Pratt H Yitzhak E Attias J . (1984). Auditory brain stem potentials evoked by clicks in notch-filtered masking noise. Audiol 23:380–387.

Primus M . (1992). The role of localization in visual reinforcement audiometry. J Speech Hear Res 35:1137–1141.

Primus M Thompson G . (1985). Strength of young children in operant audiometry. J Speech Hear Res 28:539–547.

Rousch J Bryant K Mundy M Zeisel S Roberts J . (1995). Developmental changes in static admittance and tympanometric width in infants and toddlers. J Amer Acad Audiol 6:334–338.

Schneider B Trehub S Morrongiello B Thorpe L . (1986). Auditory sensitivity in preschool children. J Acoust Soc Amer 79:447–452.

Stapells D Picton T Perez-Abalo M Read D Smith A . (1985). Frequency specificity in evoked potential audiometry. In: Jacobson JT (ed). The Auditory Brainstem Response. College-Hill Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 147–177.

Stapells D Gravel JS Martin BA . (1995). Thresholds for auditory brainstem responses to tones in notched noise from infants and young children with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear 16:361–371.

Stuart A Yang E Stenstrom R . (1990). Effect of temporal area bone vibrator placement on auditory brain stem response in newborn infants. Ear Hear 11:363–369.

Suzuki T Ogiba Y . (1961). A technique of pure-tone audiometry for children under three years of age: Conditioned orientation reflex (COR) audiometry. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 81:33–45.

Thompson G Folsom R . (1984). A comparison of two conditioning procedures in the use of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). J Speech Hear Dis 49:241–245.

Thompson G Folsom R . (1985). Reinforced and nonre-inforced head-turn responses of infants as a function of stimulus bandwidth. Ear Hear 6:125–129.

Thompson M Thompson G . (1972). Responses of infants and young children as a function of auditory stimuli and test methods. J Speech Hear Res 15:699–707.

Thompson G Thompson M McCall A . (1992). Strategies for increasing response behavior of one-and two-year-old children during visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Ear Hear 13:236–240.

Thompson G Weber B . (1974). Responses to infants and young children to behavior observation audiometry (BOA). J Speech Hear Dis 39:140–147.

Thompson G Wilson W . (1984). Clinical application of visual reinforcement audiometry. Sem Hear 5:85–99.

Widen J . (1990). Behavioral screening of high-risk infants using visual reinforcement audiometry. Sem Hear 11:342–356.

Wilson W Moore J . (1978). Pure-tone earphone thresholds of infants utilizing visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Paper presented at the American Speech and Hearing Association Convention, San Francisco, CA.

Wilson W Thompson G . (1984). Behavioral audiometry. In: Jerger J (ed). Pediatric Audiology. College-Hill Press, San Diego, CA.

Yang E Rupert A Moushegian G . (1987). A developmental study of bone conduction auditory brain stem response in infants. Ear Hear 8:244–251.