When a method of quantitative case histories was applied to 2000 episodes on the sequence
of events in installing three types of urban innovations, practitioners were found to make
heavy use of both personal and impersonal channels. Types of channels varied by stage in
the innovation process. In a simplified scenario the innovating cycle begins with two-person conversations to diagnose a problem, searches for solutions through a variety of
channels, appraises innovations and builds commitment through meetings, and implements
a solution with detailed workbooks. In the final stage of diffusion, a new innovation cycle
begins with the same channels that opened the first one.
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