Request for emergency use authorization for use of remdesivir for the treatment of hospitalized 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, US Food and Drug Administration, available at <https://www.fda.gov/media/137564/download> (last visited May 1, 2020).
2.
M.Wang, R.Cao, L.Zhang, X.Yang, et al., “Remdesivir and Chloroquine Effectively Inhibit the Recently Emerged Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro,”Cell Research30, no. 3 (2020): 269-271.
3.
J.H.Beigel, K.M.Tomashek, L.E.Dodd, et al., “Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report,”New England Journal of Medicine (2020) (E-pub ahead of print).
A.Hill, J.Wang, J.Levi, K.Heath, and J.Fortunak, “Minimum Costs to Manufacture New Treatments for COVID-19,”Journal of Virus Eradication6, no. 2 (2020): 61-69.
D.Siegel, H.C.Hui, E.Doerffler, M.O.Clarke, et al., “Discovery and Synthesis of a Phosphorami-date Prodrug of a Pyrrolo[2,1-f][triazin-4-amino] Adenine C-Nucleoside (GS-5734) for the Treatment of Ebola and Emerging Viruses,”Journal of Medicinal Chemistry60, no. 5 (2017): 1648-1661.
10.
Siegel, supra note 9.
11.
Siegel, supra note 9; T.K.Warren, R.Jordan, M.K.Lo, et al., “Therapeutic Efficacy of the Small Molecule GS-5734 Against Ebola Virus in Rhesus Monkeys,”Nature531, no. 7594 (2016): 381–385. (published correction appears in ACS Chemical Biology 11, no. 5 (2016):1463).
M.L.Agostini, E.L.Andres, A.C.Sims, et al., “Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease,”mBio9, no. 2 (2018): e00221-18.
15.
T.P.Sheahan, A.C.Sims, S.R.Leist, et al., “Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy of remdesivir and Combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV,”Nature Communications11, no. 1 (2020): 222.
GS-5734 to Assess the Antiviral Activity, Longer-Term Clearance of Ebola Virus, and Safety in Male Ebola Survivors With Evidence of Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen, ClinicalTrials.gov, available at <https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02818582> (last visited June 3, 2020).
18.
S.Mulangu, L.E.Dodd, R.T.Davey, O.T.Mbaya, et al., “A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics,”New England Journal Medicine381, no. 24 (2019): 2293-2303.
W.F.Zhang, P.Stephen, J.F.Thériault, R.Wang, S.X.Lin, “Novel Coronavirus Polymerase and Nucleotidyl-Transferase Structures: Potential to Target New Outbreaks,”Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters11 (2020):4430-4435.
22.
Wang et al., supra note 2.
23.
C.J.Gordon, E.P.Tchesnokov, J.Y.Feng, D.P.Porter, and M.Gotte, “The Antiviral Compound Remdesivir Potently Inhibits RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,”Journal of Biological Chemistry295, no. 15 (2020): 4773-4779.
24.
de Wit, supra note 23.
25.
Y.Wang, D.Zhang, G.Du, et al., “Remdesivir in Adults with Severe COVID-19: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial,”Lancet395, no. 10236 (2020):1569-1578. (Published correction appears in Lancet, 395, no. 10238 (2020):1694).
26.
J.Grein, N.Ohmagari, D.Shin, et al., “Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19,”New England Journal of Medicine (2020) (E-pub ahead of print).
FDA gives Gilead a seven year regulatory monopoly for remdesivir to treat COVID-19, on grounds it is an “Orphan” treating a rare disease, Knowledge Ecology International, available at <https://www.keionline.org/32546> (last visited March 23, 2020).