President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Research, Washington D.C.“Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment,” (1983); GostinL., “Life and Death Choices after Cruzan,”Law Medicine and Health Care (1991): 9–12; JennettB., The Vegetative State: Medical Facts, Ethical and Legal Dilemmas (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002); The Hastings Center, Guidelines on the Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Care of the Dying (Briarcliff Manor, NY: The Hastings Center, 1987).
2.
AshwalS.CranfordR.BernatJ. L., “Guidelines for State Court Decision Making in Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment Cases,”Coordinating Council on Life-Sustaining Medical Treatment Decision Making by the Courts, revised 2nd edit, A Project by the National Center of State Courts (St. Paul, MN.: West Publishing Company, 1993); “Position of the American Academy of Neurology on Certain Aspects of the Care and Management of the Persistent Vegetative State Patient,”Neurology (1989): 125–126, at 39; “Medical Aspects of the Persistent Vegetative State: Statement of a Multisociety Task Force,” Approved by the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and the American Neurological Association, New England Journal of Medicine330, no. 21 (1994); 1499–1508: New England Journal of Medicine330, no. 22 (1994): 1572–79.
3.
BroderA. J.CranfordR. E., “‘Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary, How Was I to Know?’ – Michael Martin, Absolute Prescience, and the Right to Die in Michigan,”University of Detroit Mercy Law Review72 (1995): 787–832; NelsonL. J.CranfordR. E., “Michael Martin and Robert Wendland: Beyond the Vegetative State,”Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy15 (1999):427–453.
4.
Brophy v. New England Sinai Hospital., 398 Mass. 417, 497 N.E.2d 626 (1986).
5.
In the Matter of Nancy Ellen Jobes, Sup. Ct. of NJ Chancery Division-Morris County Docket No. C-4971-85E, (1986).
6.
In re Schiavo, (Fla. Cir. Q., February 11, 2000) (No. 90-2908-GB-003), Judge George Greer, p. 2; In re Guardianship of Schiavo, 780 So. 2d 176, 177 (Fia. 2d DCA 2001).
7.
Diagnoses in quotation in this paragraph are taken directly from the medical records of Terri Schiavo.
8.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 6: at 2–3.
9.
GoodnoughA., “With His Wife in Limbo, Husband Can't Move On,”New York Times, November 2, 2003, at 14.
10.
ColbyW. H., Long Goodbye, the Deaths of Nancy Cruzan (Carlsbad, California: Hay House Inc., 2002); AnnasG. J.ArnoldB.AroskarM., “Bioethcists' Statement on the U.S. Supreme Court's Cruzan Decision,”New England Journal of Medicine323, no. 10 (1990): 686–687.
11.
John F. Kennedy Memorial Hasp. v. Bludworth, 452 So. 2d 921 (Fla. 1984); In re Guardianship of Browning, 568 So. 2d 4 (Fla. 1990).
12.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 6.
13.
GiacinoJ.AshwalS.ChildsN.CranfordR., “The Minimally Conscious State: Definition and Diagnostic Criteria,”Neurology58 (2002): 349–353.
14.
AshwalS. and CranfordR.“The Minimally Conscious State in Children,”Seminars in Pediatric Neurology9, no. 1 (2002): 19–34.
15.
In re Schiavo, 2002, WL 31817960 (Fla. Cir. Ct. November 22, 2002) (No. 90-2908-GB-003), Judge G. Greer: at 2.
16.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 15: at 4–5.
17.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 15: at 7; For a review of Dr. Hammesfahr's use of transcranial Doppler testing and vasodilator therapy, see the comments by NovellaS.Dr.at <www.quack-watch.com> (last visited April 13, 2005), most recent revision February 14, 2000.
18.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 15: at 8.
19.
See In re Schiavo, supra note 15: at 6.
20.
AlfonsoI.LantingW. A.DuenasD.CullenR. F., and PapazianO., “Discontinuation of Artificial Hydration and Nutrition in Hopelessly Vegetative Children,”Annals of Neurology32, no. 3 (1992): At 454–5.
21.
In re Guardianship of Schiavo, 800 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 2d Dist. Ct. App. 2003): at 4–6.
