D.B.Kramer, S.Xu, and A.S.Kesselheim, “Regulation of Medical Devices in the United States and European Union,”New England Journal of Medicine366, no. 9 (2012): 848-855.
S.S.Dhruva, L.A.Bero, and R.F.Redberg, “Strength of Study Evidence Examined by the FDA in Premarket Approval of Cardiovascular Devices,”JAMA302, no. 24 (2009): 2679-2685; V.K. Rathi, H.M. Krumholz, and F.A. Masoudi, J.S. Ross, “Characteristics of Clinical Studies Conducted Over the Total Product Life Cycle of High-Risk Therapeutic Medical Devices Receiving FDA Premarket Approval in 2010 and 2011,” JAMA 314, no. 6 (2015):604-612.
6.
J.D.Chambers, K.E.May, and P.J.Neumann, “Medicare Covers the Majority of FDA-Approved Devices and Part B Drugs, but Restrictions and Discrepancies Remain,”Health Affairs (Mill-wood)32, no. 6 (2013):1109-1115.
Department of Health and Human Services, “Local Coverage Determinations Create Inconsistency in Medicare Coverage,”available at <https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-01-11-00500.pdf> (last accessed November 27, 2018).
10.
114th Congress. Public Law 114-255. 21st Century Cures Act. (last accessed August 30, 2018).
11.
P.J.Neumann, M.S.Kamae, and J.A.Palmer, “Medicare’s National Coverage Decisions for Technologies, 1999-2007, Health Affairs (Millwood)27, no. 6 (2008):1620-1631.
M.W.Krucoff, R.G.Brindis, P.K.Hodgson, Mj.J.Mack, and D.R.Holmes, Jr., “Medical Device Innovation: Prospective Solutions for an Ecosystem in Crisis. Adding a Professional Society Perspective,”JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions5, no. 7 (2012):790-796; R.A. Lindor, S.J. Allocco, L. Cheatham, et al. “Regulatory and Reimbursement Innovation,” Science Translational Medicine 5, no. 176 (2013):176cm3.
15.
D.A.Messner and S.R.Tunis, “Current and Future State of FDA-CMS Parallel Reviews, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics91, no. 3 (2012): 383-385.
16.
J.R.Ridge and S.Statz, “Exact Sciences’ Experience with the FDA and CMS Parallel Review Program,”Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics15, no. 9 (2015):1117-1124.
Memorandum of Understanding between United States Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services In: Administration FaD, ed.2010.
19.
Pilot Program for Parallel Review of Medical Products In: Administration CfMaMSFaD, ed.2011:62808-10; Services DoHaH. Medicare Program: Revised Process for Making National Coverage Determinations. In: Services CfMM, ed. Federal Register2003:55634-41.
20.
Chambers, supra note 6; S.Basu and J.C.Hassenplug, “Patient Access to Medical Devices — A Comparison of U.S. and European Review Processes,”New England Journal of Medicine367, no. 6 (2012):485-488.
21.
J.D.Chambers, M.Chenoweth, T.Thorat, and P.J.Neumann, “Private Payers Disagree with Medicare over Medical Device Coverage about Half the Time,”Health Affairs (Millwood)34, no. 8 (2015):1376-1382.
22.
D.E.Forman, M.S.Maurer, C.Boyd, et al., “Multimorbidity in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease,”Journal of the American College of Cardiology71, no. 19 (2018): 2149-2161.
23.
S.S.Dhruva, C.M.Mazure, J.S.Ross, R.F.Redberg, “Inclusion of Demographic-Specific Information in Studies Supporting US Food & Drug Administration Approval of High-Risk Medical Devices,”JAMA Internal Medicine177, no. 9 (2017):1390-1391.
E.Richardson, “Health Policy Brief: Aligning FDA and CMS Review,”Health Affairs (2015), available at <https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20150827.132391/full/> (last accessed December 12, 2018); F. Zannad, M.L.A. Alonso Garcia, and J.S. Borer, et al. “Role of Payers in the Development of Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Misalignment Between Approval and Reimbursement,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 70, no. 22 (2017):2822-2830.
26.
J.Rickard, H.Michtalik, R.Sharma, et al., “Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the Medicare Population,”AHRQ Technology Assessment, Rockville, MD, 2015.
27.
D.B.Kramer and D.A.Steinhaus, “Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Older Patients: Age Is Just a Number, and Yet…,”Journal of Cardiac Failure22, no. 12 (2016): 978-980; M.B. Elming, J.C. Nielsen, J. Haarbo, et al., “Age and Outcomes of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Patients With Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure,” Circulation 136, no. 19 (2017):1772-1780.
Institute of Medicine, Medical Devices and the Public’s Health: The FDA 510(k) Clearance Process at 35 Years, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2011; B.M. Ardaugh, S.E. Graves, and R.F. Redberg, “The 510(k) Ancestry of a Metal-on-Metal Hip Implant,” New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 2 (2013): 97-100.
30.
See Chambers, supra note 6.
31.
Forman, supra note 22.
32.
S.S.Dhruva and R.F.Redberg, “Variations Between Clinical Trial Participants and Medicare Beneficiaries in Evidence used for Medicare National Coverage Decisions,”Archives of Internal Medicine168, no. 2 (2008):136-140.
33.
M.Tisminetzky, E.A.Bayliss, J.S.Magaziner, et al., “Research Priorities to Advance the Health and Health Care of Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions,”Journal of the American Geriatrics Society65, no. 7 (2017):1549-1553; A.S. Bierman and M.E. Tinetti, “Precision Medicine to Precision Care: Managing Multimorbidity, Lancet 388, no. 10061 (issue number?)(2016): 2721-2723.
34.
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, Local Coverage Determinations Create Inconsistency in Medicare Coverage, OEI-01-11-00500, January 2014.