Abstract
Surgical ergonomics has improved markedly over the past few decades, with numerous advancements spearheaded by the advent of laparoscopic surgical techniques. Laparoscopic procedures have ushered in a new way of looking at the operating field, through indirect visualization. These advancements have not only improved outcomes for patients but have also worked to decrease workplace musculoskeletal injuries among surgeons. However, little work has been done to assess the ergonomic benefits of utilizing indirect visualization for open procedures. This study aims to assesses the features of indirect visualization that are implementable in the design of new open-field visualization devices by assessing user performance, task load, and satisfaction. This research will provide valuable insight into the future design of open-field visualization modalities.
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