The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society “Diabetic Foot Care” patient education
leaflet was revised to improve the layout and emphasis of key concepts of preventive care.
This included review of daily foot and shoe examination, danger signs, daily washing and
foot care, shoe fitting, medical care, and avoidance of dangerous acts. The leaflet was
expanded to occupy two sides of a page, retaining the capability of production in tear-off
sheet format to facilitate distribution to patients in the clinical office. Furthermore,
the leaflet was translated into 19 other languages for diabetic patients in the United
States and around the world with limited English language comprehension.
Availability of diabetes information on the
InternetMMWR46:1027–1028,
1997.
2.
BarthRCampbellLVAllenSJuppJJChisholmDJ: Intensive education improves knowledge,
compliance, and foot problems in type 2 diabetesDiab. Med.8:111–117,
1991.
3.
BellRAPassaroKLengerichENormanM: Preventive-care knowledge and practices among
persons with diabetes mellitus—North Carolina, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, 1994–1995MMWR46:1023–1027,
1997.
4.
BoultonAJM: Lowering the risk of neuropathy, foot ulcers and
amputationsDiab. Med.15 (suppl 4):S57–S59,
1998.
5.
BrodskyJW: The diabetic foot In:
CoughlinMJMannRA, eds, Surgery of the Foot and Ankle,
7th ed, St. Louis,
Mosby, 1999, pp.
895–969.
6.
CalongeNBermanDDunnTFryCMichaelSLeffMWoodruffS: Diabetes-specific preventive-care practices among
adults in a managed-care population — Colorado, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, 1995MMWR46:1018–1023,
1997.
7.
ConnellFAShawCWillJ: Lower extremity amputations among persons with
diabetes mellitus —Washington, 1988MMWR40:737–739,
1991.
8.
CulletonJL: Preventing diabetic foot complications: tight
glucose control and patient education are the keysPostgrad. Med.106:74–83,
1999.
9.
de Heus-van PuttenMASchaperNCBakkerK: The clinical examination of the diabetic foot in
daily practiseDiab. Med.13 (suppl 1):S55–S57,
1996.
10.
DyckPJKratzKMKarnesJLLitchyWJKleinRPachJMWilsonDMO'BrienPCMeltonLJ: The prevalence by staged severity of various
types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort:
the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy StudyNeurology43:817–824,
1993.
11.
EdmondsMEVan AckerKFosterAVM: Education and the diabetic footDiab. Med.13 (suppl 1):S61–S64,
1996.
12.
GoldfrachtMPorathA: Nationwide program for improving the care of
diabetic patients in Israeli primary care centersDiabetes Care23:495–499,
2000.
13.
GrimesBF, ed: Ethnologue: Languages of the World,
13th ed (Internet version: www.sil.org/ethnologue/), Dallas, TX,
SIL International, 1996.
14.
Halpin-LandryJEGoldsmithS: Feet first: diabetes careAm. J. Nurs.99(2): 26–34,
1999.
15.
JiangY-DChuangL-MWuH-PShiauS-JWangC-HLeeY-JJuangJ-HLinBJTaiT-Y: Assessment of the function and effect of diabetes
education programs in TaiwanDiab. Res. Clin. Prac.46:177–182,
1999.
16.
KingHRewers, M; WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting
Group: Global estimates for prevalence of
diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adultsDiabetes Care16:157–177,
1993.
17.
KumarSAsheHAParnellLNFernandoDJSTsigosCYoungRJWardJDBoultonAJM: The prevalence of foot ulceration and its
correlates in type 2 diabetic patients: a population-based studyDiab. Med.11:480–484,
1994.
18.
MaloneJMSnyderMAndersonGBernhardVMHollowayGABuntTJ: Prevention of amputation by diabetic
educationAm. J. Surg.158:520–524,
1989.
19.
McConnellEA: Clinical do's and don'ts: teaching a patient with
diabetes how to protect her feetNursing28(12):32,
1998.
20.
MostRSSinnockP: The epidemiology of lower extremity amputations
in diabetic individualsDiabetes Care6:87–91,
1983.
21.
OllendorfDAKotsanosJGWishnerWJFriedmanMCooperTBittoniMOsterG: Potential economic benefits of lower-extremity
amputation prevention strategies in diabetesDiabetes Care21:1240–1245,
1998.
22.
PecoraroREReiberGEBurgessEM: Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: basis for
preventionDiabetes Care13:513–521,
1990.
23.
PinzurMSAndersonRBCantrallRLambornK: The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society
Diabetes 2000 foot screenAmerican Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 16th Annual Summer Meeting, Final
Program,16:56, 2000.
24.
PinzurMSGoldJSchwartzDGrossN: Energy demands for walking in dysvascular
amputees as related to the level of amputationOrthopedics15:1033–1037,
1992.
25.
PinzurMSShieldsNTrepmanEDawsonPEvansA: Current practice patterns in the treatment of
Charcot footFoot Ankle Int.21:916–920,
2000.
26.
PinzurMSShieldsNNGoelitzBSlovenkaiMKayeRRossSDKSuriM: American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society shoe
survey of diabetic patientsFoot Ankle Int.20:703–707,
1999.
27.
PinzurMSSlovenkaiMPTrepmanE: Guidelines for diabetic foot careFoot Ankle Int.20:695–702,
1999.
28.
RamseySDNewtonKBloughDMcCullochDKSandhuNReiberGEWagnerEH: Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in
patients with diabetesDiabetes Care22:382–387,
1999.
29.
ReiberGE: The epidemiology of diabetic foot
problemsDiab. Med.13 (suppl 1):S6–S11,
1996.
30.
SmithRW: Editorial: November is diabetes
monthFoot Ankle Int.20:683, 1999.
31.
StrejaDARabkinSW: Factors associated with implementation of
preventive care measures in patients with diabetes mellitusArch. Intern. Med.159:294–302,
1999.
32.
TomkyDM: Developing a computerized diabetes
self-management education module for documenting outcomesDiab. Educ.25:197–209,
1999.
33.
United Nations Population Division: Revision of the
world population estimates and projections (Internet version: www.popin.org/pop1998/), New York,
United Nations, 1998.
34.
WardAMetzLOddoneEZEdelmanD: Foot education improves knowledge and
satisfaction among patients at high risk for diabetic foot ulcerDiab. Educ.25:560–567,
1999.
