Nature’s Classroom: An Exploration of the Bakkarwal Community’s Interaction with the Natural Environment

Abstract

Background: This study explored how the Bakkarwal, a nomadic pastoralist group in the Western Indian Himalayas, interact with nature. Outdoor activities in India have seen exponential growth in recent years and yet the Bakkarwal’s Indigenous perspective is less known. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how members of a Bakkarwal community interact with nature and what outdoor educators could learn from their Indigenous practices. Methodology: Six Bakkarwal from three generations were selected. The lead researcher observed each Bakkarwal prior to and following a 1:1 interview to better understand their daily life. A narrative inquiry approach allowed each Bakkarwal to share their lived experiences. Findings: The stories of each Bakkarwal illuminate their Indigenous practices which have contributed to their sustainable life. The following themes emerged from multiple interviews: connection with natural surroundings, traditional attire and evolving practices and climate change. They also shared strategies for training and mentoring new Bakkarwal. Implications: This study provides deeper insight into the Indigenous practices of the Bakkarwal community which may help Indian outdoor educators as they meet increasing programming demands. We urge experiential and outdoor education practitioners and researchers to integrate Indigenous perspectives in training, program design and related research.