The present study examined the impact of within-group value diversity on personal satisfaction, group creativity, and group effectiveness. After accountingfordiversity in race/nation-ality, gender, and age, value diversity predicted greater personal satisfaction, and higher perceived group creativity and effectiveness.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abrams, D. , Thomas, J., & Hogg, M. A. (1990). Numerical distinctiveness, social identity and gender salience. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 1, 87-92.
2.
Ancona, D. G. , & Caldwell, D. F. (1992). Demography and design: Predictors of new prod-uct team performance. Organization Science, 3(3), 321-341.
3.
Anderberg, M. R. (1973). Cluster analysis for applications. New York: Academic Press.
Baker, D. G. (1975, December). Race, power and White siege cultures. Social Dynamics, 1(2), 143-157.
6.
Baker, P. M. (1988). Participation in small groups: Social, physical, and situational predic-tors. Small Group Behavior, 19(1), 3-18.
7.
Baker, P. M. , & Eaton, G. G. (1992). Seniority versus age as causes of dominance in social groups: Macaques and men. Small Group Research, 23(3), 322-343.
8.
Ball-Rokeach, S. J. , & Loges, W. E. (1994). Choosing equality: The correspondence between attitudes about race and the value of equity. Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 9-18.
9.
Banaji, M. R. , & Prentice, D. A. (1994). The self in social contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 297-332.
10.
Barge, J. K. , & Hirokawa, R. Y. (1989). Toward a communication competency model of group leadership. Small Group Behavior, 20(2), 167-189.
11.
Barnard, W. A. , Baird, C., Greenwalt, M., & Karl, R. (1992). Intragroup cohesiveness and reciprocal social influence in male and female discussion groups. Journal of Social Psychology, 132(2), 179-188.
12.
Bass, B. M. (1982). Individual capability, team performance, and team productivity. In M. D. Dunnette & E. A. Fleishman (Eds.), Human performance and productivity Vol. 1 (pp. 179-232). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
13.
Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex tying. Psychological Review, 88, 354-364.
14.
Berger, J. , Fisek, M. H., Norman, R. Z., & Zelditch, M. (1977). Status characteristics and social interaction: An expectation states approach. New York: Elsevier North-Holland.
15.
Bettenhausen, K. , & Murnighan, J. K. (1985). The emergence of norms in competitive decision-making groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30, 350-372.
16.
Bowser, B. P. (1988). Defining corporate culture: Exploring the relations between values, decision-making and cultural diversity. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
17.
Brown, R. , Hinkle, S., Ely, P. G., Fox-Caramone, L., Maras, P., & Taylor, L. A. (1992). Recognizing group diversity: Individualist-collectivist and autonomous-relational social orientations and their implications for intergroup processes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31(4), 327-342.
18.
Chapais, B. (1988). Rank maintenance in female Japanese macaques: Experimental evidence for social dependency. Behavior, 104, 41-59.
19.
Clare, D. A. , & Sanford, D. (1979). Mapping personal value space: A study of managers in four organizations. Human Relations, 32(8), 659-666.
20.
Cochrane, R. (1974, September). Values as correlates of deviancy. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13(3), 257-267.
21.
Cooke, R. A. , & Szumal, J. L. (1994). The impact of group interaction styles on problem-solving effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 30(4), 415-437.
22.
Davis, L. , & Burnstein, E. (1981). Preference for racial composition of groups. Journal of Psychology, 109(2), 293-301.
23.
Di Dio, L. , Saragovi, C., Koestner, R., & Aube, J. (1996). Linking personal values to gender. Sex Roles, 34(9-10), 621-636.
24.
Dougherty, D. (1987). New products in old organizations: The myth of the better mousetrap in search of the beaten path. Ph.D. dissertation, Sloan School of Management, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.
25.
Driskell, J. , Hogan, R., & Salas, E. (1988). Personality and group performance. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Group processes and intergrmup relations (pp.91-112). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26.
Eagley, A. H. , & Chrvala, C. (1986). Sex differences in conformity: Status and gender role interpretations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 10(3), 203-220.
27.
Ellemers, N. , Doosje, B., Van Knippernberg, A., & Wilke, H. (1992). Status protection in high status minority groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22(2), 123-140.
28.
Elmes, M. B. , & Gemmill, G. (1990). The psychodynamics of mindlessness and dissent in small groups. Small Group Research, 21(1), 28-44.
29.
Feather, N. T. (1977). Value importance, conservatism, and age. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7(2), 241-245.
30.
Fennell, M. L. , Barchas, P. R., Cohen, E. G., McMahon, A. M., & Hildebrand, P. (1978). An alternative perspective on sex differences in organizational settings: The process of legitimation. Sex Roles, 4, 589-604.
31.
Garza, R. T. , Lipton, J. P., & Isonio, S. A. (1989). Groupethnic composition, leaderethnicity, and task performance: An application of social identity theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 115(3), 297-314.
32.
Gillies, R. M. , & Ashman, A. F. (1995). The effects of gender and ability on students' behaviors and interactions in classroom-based work groups. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(2), 211-225.
33.
Goodman, P. S. , Ravlin, E., & Schminke, M. (1987). Understanding groups in organizations. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, 9, 1-71.
34.
Hays, W. L. (1988). Statistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
35.
Himmelweit, H. T. (1990). Societal psychology: Implications and scope. In H. T. Himmelweit & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Societal psychology (pp. 17-45). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
36.
Hirschhorn, L. (1988). The workplace within: The psychodynamics of organizational life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
37.
Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in worker-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38.
Janis, I. L. (1982). Group think (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
39.
Kanter, R. M. (1977). Some effects of proportion on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 965-990.
40.
Kendall, M. G. (1963). Rank correlation methods (3rd ed.). London: Griffin.
41.
Kern, L. J. , & Lundman, R. J. (1993). Numbers, workers and work: An assessment of the Blalock and Kanter hypotheses. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
42.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1993). Multicultural task groups: An account of the low contribution level of minorities. Small Group Research, 24(1), 127-148.
43.
Konrad, A. M. , Winter, S., & Gutek, B. A. (1992). Diversity in work group sex composition: Implications for majority and minority members. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 10, 115-140.
44.
Levine, J. M. , & Moreland, R. L. (1990). Progress in small group research. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 585-634.
45.
Maharaj, S. I. , & Connolly, J. A. (1994). Peer network composition of acculturated and ethnoculturally-affiliated adolescents in a multicultural setting. Journal of Adolescent Behavior, 9(2), 218-240.
46.
Maines, D. R. (1984). The sand and the castle: Some remarks concerning G. F. Stone's critique of small group research. Studies in Symbolic Interaction, 5, 23-34.
47.
Mazur, A. (1985). A biosocial model of status in face-to-face primate groups. Social Forces, 64, 377-402.
48.
McCain, B. E. , O'Reilly, C. A., & Pfeffer, J. (1983). The effects of departmental demography on turnover: The case of a university. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 626-641.
49.
McDonald, D. (1993). Subgroup identity as a detriment to effectiveness in group problemsolving: An integration of identity theory and attribution theory. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
50.
Miethe, T. D. (1985). The validity and reliability of value measurements. Journal of Psychology, 119(5), 441-453.
51.
Mitchell, T. R. (1979). Organizational behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 30, 243-281.
52.
O'Reilly, C. A. , Caldwell, D. F., & Barnett, W. P. (1989). Work group demography, social integration, and turnover. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 21-37.
53.
Penn, J. R. (1977). Measuring intergenerational value differences. Social Science Quarterly, 58(2), 293-301.
54.
Pfeffer, J. (1983). Organizational demography. Research in Organizational Behavior, 5, 299-357.
55.
Pitts, R. E. (1981). Value-group analysis of cultural values in heterogeneous populations. Journal of Social Psychology, 115, 109-124.
56.
Riley, M. W. , Foner, A. B., & Waring, J. (1988). Sociology of age. In N. J. Smelser (Ed.), The handbook of sociology (pp. 243-290). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
57.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
58.
SAS Institute Inc. (1988). SAS/STAT user's guide, release 6.03 edition. Cary, NC: Author.
59.
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
60.
Schneider, B. , Smith, D. B., & Goldstein, H. W. (1994, August). The "dark side" of "good fit'" Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX.
61.
Smith, C. , & Gemmill, G. (1991). Change in the small group: A dissapative structure perspective. Human Relations, 44(7), 697-716.
62.
Spade, J. Z. (1994). Disentangling the effects of grouping: An examination of students 'sense of self. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
63.
Spence, J. T. (1984). Masculinity, femininity, and gender-related traits: A conceptual analysis and critique of current research. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research, Vol. 13 (pp. 1-97). New York: Academic.
64.
Suhonen, P. (1985). Approaches to value research and value measurement. Acta Sociologica, 28(4), 349-358.
65.
Sutherland, S. L. , & Tanenbaum, E. (1975). Rokeach's value survey in use: An evaluation with criterion attitude scales and party identification. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 12(4), 551-564.
66.
Taylor, M. M. (1992). Can you go home again?: Black gentrification and the dilemma of difference. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 37, 101-128.
67.
Teachman, J. D. (1980). Analysis of population diversity. Sociological Methods and Research, 8(3), 341-362.
68.
Tuckman, B. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384-399.
69.
Tziner, A. E. , & Eden, D. (1985). Effects of crew composition on crew performance: Does the whole equal the sum of its parts?Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(1), 85-93.
70.
Vigil, J. D. (1988, December). Group processes and street identity: Adolescent Chicano gang members. Ethos, 16(4), 421-445.
71.
Wagner, W. G. , Pfeffer, J., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1984). Organizational demography and turnover in top-management groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), 74-92.
72.
Walker, D. B. (1980). Black police value systems in the Black community. Paperpresented at the North Central Sociological Association, Cleveland, OH.
73.
Webb, N. M. , & Cullian, L. K. (1983). Group interaction and achievement in small groups: Stability over time. American Educational Research Journal, 20(3), 411-423.
74.
Wilson, W. J. (1980). The declining significance of race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
75.
Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.