Laboratory Design and Group Process as Determinants of the Outcome of Sensitivity Training

Abstract

A study of 10 British and American sensitivity training workshops is reported. Outcome was assessed in terms of reported self-benefit and in terms of benefit to one's relations with others not present, using an own-control design. Data concerning the design and conduct of the workshops were gathered from the trainers. Maximal gain on the own benefit criterion was found when the principal learning group in the workshop focused on sharing feelings arising from life and past experiences, whereas subsidiary groupings used structured exercises. In contrast, gain on the relationship benefit criterion was greatest when sessions were less differentiated and when the trainers interpreted or clarified what was taking place. It is proposed that these differing patterns of change occur because they embody separate models of workshop learning processes. The pattern maximizing own benefit entails a splitting between a warm and intimate group and a setting in which one works in a more structured manner. The pattern maximizing relationship benefit integrates experiences within different parts of the workshop and thus makes it easier for the trainee to utilize what is gained in settings outside the workshop.