This article reviews the monetary benefits and costs that taxpayers incur as a result of funding supported employment programs. Each cost accounting variable involved in formulating cost efficiency from the taxpayer's perspective is discussed. Methods for increasing taxpayer cost efficiency are then suggested.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Baer, R., Simmons, T., Flexer, R., & Smith, C. (1995). A study of the costs and benefits of supported employees with severe physical and multiple disabilities. Journal of RehabilitationAdministration, 18(1), 46-57.
2.
Bissonnette, D. (1994). Beyond traditional job development: The art of creating opportunity. Northridge, CA: Milt Wright and Associates.
3.
Bly, R. (1991). Selling your services. New York: Holt.
4.
Brickey, M., & Campbell, K. (1981). Fast food employment for moderately and mildly retarded adults. Mental Retardation, 19(3), 113-116.
5.
Callahan, M.J., & Garner, J.B. (1997). Keys to the workplace: Skills and supports for people with disabilities. Baltimore: Brookes.
6.
Dileo, D., & Langton, D. (1993). Get the marketing edge! A job developer's tool kit for people with disabilities. St. Augustine, FL: Training Resource Network.
7.
Cimera, R.E. (1997). The cost-efficiency of natural support training strategies. Unpublished manuscript.
8.
Cimera, R.E. (1998a). Are individuals with severe or multiple disabilities cost-efficient to serve via supported employment?Mental Retardation , 36, 280-292.
9.
Cimera, R.E. (1998b). The effects of supported employee demographics on individual employee cost-efficiency Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
10.
Cimera, R.E. (in press-a). The cost-efficiency of supported employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.
11.
Cimera, R.E. (in press-b). The economics of running supported employment programs . In P. Wehman (Ed.), Supported employment: Helping persons with disabilities go to work. St. Augustine, FL: Training Resources Network, Inc.
12.
Cimera, R.E., & Rusch, F.R. (1999). The cost-efficiency of supported employment programs: A review of the literature. International Review of Research on Mental Retardation , (Volume 22, pp. 175-226). San Diego: Academic Press.
13.
Conley, R.W., Rusch, F.R., McCaughrin, W.B., & Tines, J. (1989). Benefits and costs of supported employment: An analysis of the Illinois supported employment project. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 22, 441-447.
14.
Covey, S. (1989). The seven habits of highly effective people. New York: Fireside.
15.
Fabian, E.S., Luecking, R.G., & Tilson, G.P., Jr. (1994). A working relationship: The job development specialist's guide to successful partnerships with business. Baltimore: Brookes.
16.
Goetz, L. (Ed.). (1996). The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 21(4).
17.
Hagner, D., Rogan, P., & Murphy, S. (1992). Facilitating natural supports in the workplace: Strategies for support consultants. Journal of Rehabilitation , 58, 29-34.
18.
Heal, L.W., McCaughrin, W.B., & Tines, J.J. (1989). Methodological nuances and pitfalls of benefit-cost analysis: A critique. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 10, 201-212.
19.
Hickman, C., & Silva, M. (1984). Creating excellence. New York : New American Library.
20.
Hill, M., & Wehman, P. (1983). Cost benefit analysis of placing moderately and severely handicapped individuals in competitive employment. Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 8, 30-38
21.
Hill, M.L., Banks, P.D., Handrich, R.R., Wehman, P.H., Hill, J.W., & Shafer, M.S. (1987). Benefit-cost analysis of supported competitive employment for persons with mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 8, 71-89.
22.
Hill, M.L., Wehman, P.H., Kregel, J., Banks, P.D., & Metzler, H.M.D. (1987). Employment outcomes for people with moderate and severe disabilities: An eight-year longitudinal analysis of supported competitive employment. Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 12, 182-189.
23.
Johnson, J.R., & Rusch, F.R. (1990). Analysis of hours of training provided by employment training specialists to supported employees. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 94, 674-682.
24.
Johnston, M.V. (1987). Cost-benefit methodologies in rehabilitation. In M. J. Fuhrer (Ed.), Rehabilitation outcomes: Analysis and measurement (pp. 99-113). Baltimore: Brookes.
25.
Kregel, J., Hill, M., & Banks, P.D. (1988). Analysis of employment specialist intervention time in supported competitive employment. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 93, 200-208.
26.
Lam, C.S. (1986). Comparison of sheltered and supported work programs: A pilot study. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 30(2), 66-82.
27.
Lewis, D.R., Johnson, D.R., Bruininks, R.H., Kallsen, L.A., & Guillery, R.P. (1992). Is supported employment cost-effective in Minnesota? Journal of DisabilityPolicy Studies, 3, 67-92.
28.
Losoney, L. (1985). The motivating leader. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
29.
Marsteller, W. (1992). Creative management. Chicago : NTC Business Books.
30.
McCaughrin, W.B., Rusch, F.R., Conley, R.W., & Tines, J. (1991). A benefit-cost analysis of supported employment in Illinois: The first 2 years. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 3, 129-145.
31.
Nisbet, J. (1992). Natural supports in school, at work, and in the community for people with disabilities. Baltimore: Brookes.
32.
Nisbet, J., & Hagner, D. (1988). Natural supports in the workplace: A re-examination of supported employment. Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 13, 260-267.
33.
Noble, J.H., Jr. (1977). The limitations of cost-benefit analysis as a guide to priority setting in rehabilitation. Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 1, 347-380.
34.
Noble, J.H., Conley, R.W., Banjerjee, S., & Goodman, S. (1991). Supported employment in New York State: A comparison of benefits and costs. Journal of DisabilityPolicy Studies , 2(1), 39-74.
35.
Rehabilitation Services Administration. (1995 ). Rehabilitation cases in selected work status at closure, FY 1995. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
36.
Revell, W.G., West, M., & Cheng, Y. (1998). Funding supported employment: Are there better ways? Journal of DisabilityPolicy Studies, 9(1), 59-79.
Rusch, F.R., Conley, R.W., & McCaughrin, W.B. (1993). Benefit-cost analysis of supported employment in Illinois. Journal of Rehabilitation , 59, 31-36.
39.
Thompson, L., Powers, G., & Houchard, B. (1992). The wage effects of supported employment. The Journal of The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 17, 87-94.
40.
Thompson, M.S. (1980). Benefit-cost analysis for program evaluation. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
41.
Tines, J., Rusch, F.R., McCaughrin, W., & Conley, R.W. (1990). Benefit-cost analysis of supported employment in Illinois: A statewide evaluation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 95, 44-54.
42.
Ury, W. (1991). Getting past no. New York: Pocket Books.
43.
Wehman, P. (1996). Life beyond the classroom: Transition strategies for young people with disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Brookes.
44.
Wehman, P., Hill, J.W., Wood, W., & Parent, W. (1987). A report on competitive employment histories of persons labeled severely mentally retarded. Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 12, 11-17.
45.
Wehman, P., Hill, M., Hill, J., Brooke, V., Pendleton, P., & Britt, C. (1985). Competitive employment for persons with mental retardation: A follow-up six years later. Mental Retardation , 23, 274-281.
46.
Wehman, P., Kregel, J., Banks, P.D., Hill, M., & Moon, M.S. (1987). Sheltered versus supported work programs: A second look. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 31, 42-53.
47.
Winking, D., DeStefano, L., & Rusch, F.R. (1988). Supported employment in Illinois: Job coach issues (Vol. 3). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, The Secondary Transition Intervention Effectiveness Institute.
48.
Zivolich, S., Shueman, S.A., & Weiner, J.S. (1997). An exploratory cost-benefit analysis of natural support strategies in the employment of people with severe disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 8, 211-221.